典型发达国家适应气候变化资金机制及对中国的启示

The Climate Adaptation Financial Mechanisms in Typical Developed Countries and Implications for China

气候变化是全人类面临的严峻挑战,我国受到气候变化的不利影响更为显著,加快采取雄心勃勃的适应气候变化行动显得尤为重要,但资金机制一直是我国适应进程中的主要障碍,亟须借鉴国际经验构建完善适应气候变化的资金机制。基于此,本文首先简要分析国际适应气候变化资金机制的基本情况,然后选取适应进程较为完善的美、英、德、日等典型发达国家,分别从适应政策体系、国内适应资金和国际援助资金等三个方面梳理总结各国适应气候变化资金机制,最后分析我国适应气候变化资金机制及存在的问题,并提出对我国适应气候变化资金机制的启示。研究发现,《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其气候变化国际谈判进程是各国推进适应气候变化资金机制的主要动因,发达国家重视适应政策的法制化,但政策力度和运行模式有所不同,公共部门是各国适应资金的主要来源,私人资金潜力尚待挖掘,国际气候援助注重减缓与适应并重,但援助力度有待加强。未来我国应从完善适应气候变化顶层设计、建立适应气候变化资金保障机制、提高适应气候援助力度、加强国际交流与合作等方面完善我国适应气候变化资金机制。

As a serious challenge faced by humanity,climate change produced an even more significant adverse impact on China.Therefore,accelerating ambitious adaptation action is particularly important.However,the financial mechanism is a major obstacle in China’s adaptation process,and it is urgent to establish and improve the financial mechanism to adapt the climate change.This paper briefly analyses the basic situation of international financial mechanisms,and selects representative developed countries such as the United Kingdom,Germany,the United States and Japan as research objectives,whose adaptation process is relatively completed,to summarize their climate adaptation financial mechanisms from three aspects:policies of climate adaptation,domestic adaptation finance and international assistance.Finally,the paper analyses China’s adaptation financial mechanisms and the existing problems,as well as proposes implications for China’s climate adaptation financial mechanism.The results show that the UNFCCC and its international negotiation process on climate change are the main motivation for countries to promote the financial mechanism for climate change adaptation.Developed countries vigorously promote the legalization of adaptation policies,but the policy intensity and operation mode are different;the public sector is the main source of adaptation funds,and the potential of private funds is yet to be explored;international climate aid focuses on both mitigation and adaptation,but the aid intensity needs to be strengthened.In the future,China should improve the top-level design of climate change adaptation,establish effective financial guarantee mechanism for climate change adaptation,strengthen climate adaptation assistance,and strengthen international exchanges and cooperation.