基于结构方程模型的环境风险接受度影响因素分析

Study on the Influencing Factors of Environmental Risk Acceptance Based on Structural Equation Model

随着社会经济的发展和城市化进程的推进,我国环境风险事故频发。与此同时,公众对于美好环境的需求日益提升,公众与专家和政府之间的风险判断差异是不同规模的群体性事件发生的主要诱因。为识别公众环境风险接受度的影响因素,本研究基于结构方程模型分析了11种环境风险的客观风险水平和公众感知到的风险影响度、场域了解度、政府信任度、社会经济水平等因素对公众风险接受度的影响。研究结果显示,社会经济水平、风险影响度、场域了解度、政府信任度均直接影响公众的风险接受度;客观风险水平则通过风险影响度的中介作用间接影响风险接受度。因此,为在经济发展过程中降低公众风险感知偏差对生产生活的影响,我国除了通过更严格的风险管控手段降低风险事故发生概率和影响范围外,还需要通过信息公开、公众参与和生态科普等方式增强公众对风险场域的了解度和对政府的信任度以提升风险接受能力。

With the development of the social economy and the advancement of urbanization,environmental risk accidents frequently occur in China.At the same time,the public’s demand for a better environment is increasing day by day.Differences in risk judgment between the public,experts and the government are the main incentive for the occurrence of mass incidents of different scales.In order to identify the influencing factors of public environmental risk acceptance,this study used a structural equation model to analyze the impact of objective risk level,perceived impacts,knowledge of risk field,government trust,and socioeconomic level on risk acceptance of 11 types of environmental risks.Results showed that government trust,perceived impact,knowledge of risk field,and socioeconomic level directly affected the public’s risk acceptance significantly,and objective risk level indirectly affected the acceptance through the mediation of perceived impact.Therefore,in order to reduce the impact of public risk perception bias on production and life in the process of economic development,in addition to reducing the probability and scope of influence of risk accidents through stricter risk management and control means,we also need to enhance the public’s understanding of the risk field and trust in the government through information disclosure,public participation and ecological science popularization,so as to improve the risk acceptance ability.