“排污权”和“碳排放权”交易的减污降碳协同效应研究--基于污染治理和政策管理的双重视角

Research on the Co-benefits of Pollution Reduction and Carbon Reduction of“Emissions Trading”and“Carbon Emissions Trading”--Based on the Dual Perspectives of Pollution Control and Policy Management

全面系统地评估排污权交易和碳排放权交易的减污降碳协同效应,对于进一步发挥应对气候变化和大气污染治理的协同效应、推进全国统一生态环境市场建设具有重要意义。本文基于污染治理和政策管理的双重视角,采用多时点双重差分和倾向得分匹配,分别检验排污权交易和碳排放权交易的减污和降碳效应;并在此基础上,研究三种政策情景下(排污权交易、碳排放权交易以及组合政策)的协同减排效应差异。研究表明,从污染治理视角,排污权交易和碳排放权交易均显著降低了二氧化硫和二氧化碳排放量,实现了减污降碳的协同效应;从政策协同管理视角,在减少二氧化硫污染方面,组合政策比各类政策的单独实施更为有效;在降低二氧化碳排放方面,碳排放权交易比排污权交易和组合政策更为有效。因此,在推进气候变化应对和大气污染治理机制融合的进程中,应有所侧重地推进碳排放权交易和排污权交易组合使用。

A comprehensive and systematic assessment of the co-benefits of pollution reduction and carbon reduction of emissions trading and carbon emissions trading is of great significance for further exerting the co-benefits of addressing climate change and air pollution control,and promoting the construction of a unified national ecological environment market.Based on the dual perspectives of pollution control and policy management,this paper adopts a time-varying DID and propensity score matching to test the pollution reduction and carbon reduction effects of emissions trading and carbon emissions trading respectively.And on this basis,it studies the difference of the synergistic emissions reduction effect under the three policy scenarios(emissions trading,carbon emissions trading,and combined policies).The study shows that from the perspective of pollution control,both emissions trading and carbon emissions trading policies have significantly reduced industrial sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions,and achieved co-benefits of pollution reduction and carbon reduction.And from the perspective of policy management,in terms of sulfur dioxide pollution reduction,the combined policies is the most effective in the three policy scenarios.In tern of carbon dioxide reduction,the separate implementation of carbon emissions trading is more effective than emissions trading and combined policies.Therefore,in the process of promoting the integration of climate change response and air pollution control mechanisms,carbon emissions trading should be taken as the main policy while emissions rights trading as a supplement.