区域环境司法协作的实践表征及发展理路探析

Practical Characterization and Development Path of Judicial Cooperation of Regional Environment

环境司法协作是促进区域、流域环境整体性治理的重要保障。但当前相关研究侧重某个重点区域、流域的环境司法协作分析,亟待对京津冀、长三角、成渝、长江、黄河等区域、流域环境司法协作实践进行全面的考察和规范分析。可以依据协作目的、内容、空间,将多元化的环境司法协作样态分为政策回应型协作与程序便利型协作、纵向协作与横向协作、省(区、市)内协作与跨省协作等。针对规范性、结构性、机制性等困境,区域环境司法协作需要从纵向协作迈向纵横协作结合、从协议型协作迈向立法型协作、从低位阶协作迈向高位阶协作。未来还需要加强区域、流域、陆海统筹下的立法协同,探索“共享法庭”及其配套治理体系与能力的纳入与应用,推动大数据、区块链、人工智能等新兴技术与司法的深度融合,从而对区域环境司法协作进行全面的规范性补强、结构性调适、协同配合机制的建构及数字化司法转型。

Judicial cooperation of environment plays a key role in promoting its overall governance in regions and river basins environment.However,current research is mainly concerned with judicial cooperation of environment in a certain key region or river basin.Therefore,a comprehensive investigation and normative analysis are in urgent demand for the practice of judicial cooperation of environment in regions and river basins like in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area,Yangtze River Delta,Chengdu-Chongqing area,Yangtze River,Yellow River,etc.In this context,it works if we start with the purpose,content and space of cooperation,and then divide the diversified forms of such judicial cooperation into policy-responsive cooperation and procedure-friendly cooperation,vertical cooperation and horizontal cooperation,intra-provincial cooperation and inter-provincial cooperation,etc.In view of normative,structural and institutional dilemmas,it is a necessity to transform from vertical cooperation to vertical-horizontal cooperation,from agreement-based cooperation to legislative cooperation,and from low-level cooperation to high-level cooperation.In the future,legislative coordination should be strengthened under the overall planning of regions,river basins,and land and marine development in a coordinated way,thus exploring the incorporation and application of“shared courts”and their supporting governance systems and capabilities.Besides,it can also promote the in-depth combination of emerging technologies such as big data,block-chain and artificial intelligence with justice,thereby imposing comprehensive normative reinforcement,structural adjustment,construction of synergy mechanism and digital judicial transformation on judicial cooperation of regional environment.