农业光伏电站综合效益评估研究--以浙江某150兆瓦项目为例

Integrated Benefit Evaluation of Agrophotovoltaic Power Plant:A Case Study of a 150MW Project in Zhejiang Province

农光互补项目具有能源生产和粮食种植的双重价值,开展农业光伏电站的综合效益评估,有助于量化项目的实施效果,促进项目可持续发展。基于生态系统服务价值理论,本文构建了农业光伏电站的综合效益评估体系,并结合实地调查,以浙江乐清市某150兆瓦农光互补光伏发电项目为例进行了示范研究,分析了电站2018—2021年综合效益的构成和变化,比较了电站不同土地利用类型的生态系统服务差异,探讨了不同生态系统服务之间的协同与权衡关系。结果表明:①电站每年的经济效益在7534.11万~8417.06万元,电力效益上下波动,农业收益稳步增长;②随着项目的实施,电站的生态系统服务价值呈现“先减少后增加”的变化,总体增长量为435.31万元,单位面积生态价值从7.16万元/公顷提升至8.52万元/公顷,说明此农光互补模式对生态系统有积极影响;③由于光伏板下杂草区向水稻区的转变,电站的水源涵养和空气净化功能略微降低,土壤保持功能基本不变,而洪水调蓄和固碳释氧功能大幅增长;④光伏板的存在导致电站固碳和释氧功能的下降,而在光伏板下种植水稻改善了这一状况,并使电站的土壤保持和洪水调蓄功能发挥了较大作用;⑤相关性分析表明,电站的水源涵养、洪水调蓄、固碳和释氧四类生态系统服务相互协同,并与土壤保持和空气净化功能存在明显的权衡关系。研究结果可为农业光伏电站的土地利用空间格局优化、生态产品价值提升以及可再生能源与生态产品价值协同实现等提供科学依据和实践经验。

Agrophotovoltaic projects have the dual value of energy production and food cultivation.The integrated benefit evaluation of agrophotovoltaic power plant is helpful to examine the project effect and promote its sustainable development.Based on the value theory of ecosystem services,we developed an integrated benefit evaluation system of agrophotovoltaic power plants,and combining field investigation,took a 150MW agrophotovoltaic project in Yueqing,zhejiang Province as a demonstration example.We analyzed the composition and dynamics of the plant’s integrated benefits from 2018 to 2021.Additionally,we compared the ecosystem services under different land use,and explored the synergies and trade-offs between different ecosystem services.The results showed that:①the annual economic benefit of the plant ranged from 75.34 to 84.17 million yuan,the power benefit fluctuated up and down,while the agricultural income increased steadily;②with the implementation of the project,the total ecological benefit of the plant presented a dynamic of“first decrease and then increase”.The overall growth during four years was 4.35 million yuan,and the ecological value per unit area increased from 71,60 to 85,20 yuan/hm2,indicating that this agrophotovoltaic model had a positive impact on the ecosystem;③due to the transition from weedy to rice under the photovoltaic panels,the water conservation and air purification functions decreased slightly,with soil retention function almost remained unchanged,and the flood regulation and storage,carbon sequestration,and oxygen release greatly increased;④the existence of photovoltaic panels led to the decline of carbon sequestration and oxygen release,but the cultivation of rice improved this situation and dramatically enhanced the soil retention and flood regulation and storage services;and⑤the correlation analysis showed that water conservation,flood regulation and storage,carbon sequestration,and oxygen release were synergistic with each other,while they had obvious trade-off relationships with soil retention and air purification,respectively.The study might provide a scientific basis and practical experience for agrophotovoltaic power plants on the spatial pattern optimization of land use planning,the promotion of ecosystem product value,and the synergistic realization of both renewable energy and ecosystem product value.