消防救援人员生活事件对心理健康的影响:应对方式的中介作用

Impact of life events on mental health among firefighters:The mediating role of coping styles

目的:了解消防救援人员的心理健康状况,并探讨生活事件、应对方式对其心理健康状况的影响。方法:2022年1至2月,使用整群抽样,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、生活事件量表(LES)、应付方式问卷(CSQ)以及两个自编问题对某地区消防救援训练队226名消防救援人员进行问卷调查,运用t检验和方差分析进行差异性检验,采用皮尔逊相关分析探索3个变量之间的相关性,并用SPSS软件中Process插件进行中介效应检验。结果:①消防救援人员的整体心理健康状况显著优于常模群体;②具有不同程度心理压力的消防员之间心理健康状况差异显著;③具有有效应对方式和不具有有效应对方式的消防员之间心理健康状况差异显著(P<0.001);④生活事件总分与SCL-90总分呈显著正相关(r=0.19,P<0.01),合理化、自责、幻想和退避4种应对方式与SCL-90总分及各因子呈显著正相关(P<0.01),解决问题应对方式与SCL-90总分及各因子呈显著负相关(P<0.01);⑤应对方式中合理化和自责两个因子在生活事件和心理健康之间的中介作用成立。结论:消防员的整体心理健康状况良好,生活事件与应对方式均对消防员的心理健康有显著影响,且生活事件可能是通过合理化和自责两种应对方式来影响消防员的心理健康。

Objective:To understand the mental health status of firefighters,and to explore the influence of life events and coping styles on their mental health status.Methods:From January to February 2022,a total of 226 members of a fire rescue training team were selected as study subjects by using cluster sampling.Their mental health status were measured by the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90),Life Events Scale(LES),Coping style questionnaire(CSQ)and two self-made questions.We used T-test and ANOVA to test differences,used Pearson correlation analysis to explore the correlation between the three variables,and used the Process plug-in in SPSS software to test the mediation effect.Results:①The overall mental health status of firefighters was significantly better than that of the norm group;②The mental health status of firefighters with different degrees of psychological stress was significantly different(P<0.001);③There was a significant difference in mental health status between firefighters with effective coping styles and those without effective coping styles(P<0.001);④The total score of life events scale was significantly positively correlated with the total score of SCL-90(r=0.19,P<0.01).The four coping styles of reasonable,self-blame,fantasy and withdrawal were significantly positively correlated with the total score and each factor of SCL-90(P<0.01).And the problem-solving coping style was significantly negatively correlated with the total score and each factor of SCL-90(P<0.01);⑤The mediating effect of rationalization and self-blame in coping style between life events and mental health are established.Conclusion:The overall mental health of firefighters is good.Both life events and coping styles have a significant impact on firefighters'mental health.Life events may affect firefighters'mental health through coping styles of rationalization and self-blame.