幼儿教师心理解脱的潜在类别及其对工作投入的影响

Potential categories of preschool teachers'psychological relief in Guizhou Province and its impact on work engagement

目的:考察集体主义文化背景下贵州省幼儿教师心理解脱的潜在类别以及其对工作投入的影响,为提升幼儿教师的工作投入提供理论依据。方法:采用整群抽样的方法,于2022年4月选取贵州省铜仁市各区县596名幼儿教师为调查对象,采用心理解脱量表与工作投入量表对其进行横断面调查,采用潜在剖面分析的方法构建心理解脱的不同潜在类别,并采用多元线性回归分析心理解脱对工作投入的影响。结果:幼儿教师心理解脱存在4种潜在类别:低水平心理解脱组(18.2%)、中水平心理解脱组(31.2%)、较高水平心理解脱组(22.2%)、高水平心理解脱组(19.0%)。与(无、初级以中级)职称、(中专及以下、本科)学历、以及工资收入(3000元以下、3001~4000元以及5001元以上)的幼儿教师相比,高级职称、在编与收入处于4001~5000元的幼儿教师均是低心理解脱占比最高,高水平心理解脱占比最低;而大专学历幼儿教师高水平心理解脱占比最高,低水平心理解脱占比最低。与低水平心理解脱组相比,中水平、较高水平以及高水平心理解脱组均能负向预测工作投入(β=-0.25,-0.37,-0.51;P<0.001);还对工作投入的工作价值(β=-0.19,-0.35,-0.47)、工作责任(β=-0.22,-0.47,-0.81)、工作愉悦(β=-0.25,-0.45,-0.43)与工作专注(β=-0.18,-0.38,-0.27)具有负向预测作用(P<0.001)。结论:幼儿教师心理解脱存在4种潜在类别,集体主义文化背景下贵州省幼儿教师心理解脱对工作投入具有负向预测作用。

Objective:To investigate the potential categories of preschool teachers'psychological relief in Guizhou Province under the background of collectivism culture and its impact on work engagement,so as to provide a theoretical basis for Improving Preschool Teachers'work engagement.Methods:Using the method of cluster sampling,a total of 596 preschool teachers from districts and counties in Tongren City,Guizhou Province were selected as the survey objects in April 2022.A cross-sectional survey was carried out by using the psychological disengagement scale and the work input scale.Different potential categories of psychological disengagement were constructed by using the method of potential profile analysis,and the impact of psychological disengagement on work input was analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results:There were four potential categories of preschool teachers'psychological relief:Low-level psychological relief group(18.2%),medium level psychological relief group(31.2%),high-level psychological relief group(22.2%)and high-level psychological relief group(19.0%).Compared with preschool teachers with(no,primary and intermediate)professional titles,(technical secondary school and below,undergraduate)academic qualifications,and salary income(less than 3000 yuan,3001-4000 yuan and more than 5001 yuan),preschool teachers with senior professional titles,in-service and income between 4001-5000 yuan had the highest proportion of low psychological relief,and the lowest proportion of high-level psychological relief(P<0.05);However,the proportion of high-level psychological relief was the highest and that of low-level psychological relief was the lowest among preschool teachers with college education(P<0.05).Compared with the low-level psychological relief group,the medium level,high-level and high-level psychological relief groups could all negatively predict work engagement(βThe values were-0.25,-0.37,-0.51,respectively,P<0.001);Also the work value of work input(βValues are-0.19,-0.35,-0.47)and job responsibility(βThe values are-0.22,-0.47,-0.81)and work pleasure respectively(βValues are-0.25,-0.45,-0.43)and work focus respectively(βThe values were-0.18,-0.38,-0.27)had a negative predictive effect on work engagement respectively(P<0.001).Conclusion:There are four potential categories of preschool teachers'psychological liberation.Under the background of collectivism culture,preschool teachers'psychological liberation in Guizhou Province has a negative predictive effect on work engagement.