全科医疗慢性病管理质量评价研究进展

Research Progress on Quality Evaluation of Chronic Disease Management in General Practice

慢性病已成为影响我国乃至全球居民健康的重大问题,全科医疗服务质量的改进对提升基层医疗慢性病管理水平有重要意义。通过对全科医疗慢性病管理质量进行评价,进而发现目前存在的问题,是实现持续质量改进的重要途径。综述国内外研究现状,部分国家已建立较为完善的全科医疗慢性病管理质量评价体系,与国外相比,我国的全科医疗慢性病管理质量评价与改进实践仍处于探索阶段,虽然取得了一定进展,但也存在一些挑战:第一,慢性病管理质量评价主要集中在高血压和糖尿病两种疾病,对于其他慢性病的临床管理质量关注不足,且在临床指标细化程度上与国外相比仍须进一步加强;第二,在评价全科医疗慢性病管理实践过程方面存在局限,多数研究仅关注服务规范框架内的绩效考核指标,可借鉴国外经验,细化以循证为基础的质量评价和质量改进体系,具体化监测指标;第三,基层医疗信息系统建设仍存在很大改进空间,信息“碎片化”和信息缺失严重阻碍了慢性病管理质量的有效评价,应尽快完善信息系统建设;第四,质量评价结果侧重于在行政体系内反馈,卫生服务提供者缺乏对自身服务质量的认知,应探索更为公平、有效的评价与反馈机制,促进慢性病管理质量的持续改进。

Chronic diseases have become a major problem affecting the health of residents in China and globally.The improvement of the quality of general practice is of great significance to improving the management of chronic diseases in primary care.It is an important way to achieve continuous quality improvement by evaluating the quality of chronic disease management in general practice to identify the current problems.According to the review of current status of domestic and international research,some countries have established relatively complete quality evaluation systems for the management of chronic diseases in general practice.Compared with foreign countries,the practice of quality evaluation and improvement of chronic disease management in general practice in China is still in the exploratory stage,although some progress has been made,there are also some challenges:firstly,the quality evaluation of chronic disease management is mainly focused on hypertension and diabetes,insufficient attention has been paid to the clinical quality of other chronic diseases,and the degree of refinement of clinical indicators still needs to be further strengthened compared with foreign countries.Secondly,there are limitations in evaluating the practice process of chronic disease management in general practice,most of the researches were mainly limited to the performance indicators within the framework of services specification.It is possible to refine the evidence-based quality evaluation and quality improvement systems and specify monitoring indicators.Thirdly,there is still a big gap in the construction of information system in general practice,the "fragmentation" and lack of information have seriously hindered the effective evaluation of the quality of chronic disease management,the information system construction should be improved as soon as possible.Fourthly,quality evaluation results focus on feedback within the administrative system and health service providers lack awareness of their own service quality,more equitable and effective evaluation and feedback mechanisms should be explored to promote continuous improvement in the quality of chronic disease management.