海南岛冬季辣椒寒害指标及发生规律研究

Study on Chilling Injury Index and Osccurrence Regularity of Winter Capsicum in Hainan Island

利用海南岛18个气象站1968—2017年气象数据和灾情数据,在国家标准《辣椒寒害等级》基础上构建考虑低温阴雨影响的辣椒寒害指标,得出海南岛冬季辣椒寒害时空变化规律。结果表明:总体而言,海南岛12月、1月辣椒苗期和花果期寒害50年发生总次数及各等级寒害50年发生总次数均主要由中部、西北部向沿海地区减少,2月则主要由北向南和由中部向沿海地区减少。近50年海南岛绝大多数站点冬季各月辣椒苗期和花果期寒害年发生次数均不显著减少,对海南岛辣椒种植总体有利。但近50年北、中部地区2月辣椒苗期和花果期极重度寒害年发生次数在增加,因此上述地区需加强防范2月极端寒害对辣椒的不利影响。总体上,海南岛辣椒苗期和花果期寒害发生影响范围1月>2月>12月、轻度>中度>重度>极重度,近50年来冬季各月辣椒苗期和花果期寒害(含各等级)发生影响范围在缩小。

Using the meteorological and disaster data of 18 meteorological stations in Hainan Island from 1968 to 2017 and based on the national standard“Grade of Chilling Injury to Capsicum”,in this paper,we constructed the chilling injury index considering the influence of cold and rainy weather,and obtained the spatiotemporal change law of chilling injury of winter capsicum in Hainan Island.The results are as follows:overall,the frequencies of chilling injury and the total frequencies of chilling injury in each grade in 50 years at capsicum seedling and flowering-fruit stages in December and January in Hainan Island mainly decreased from the central and northwest areas to the coastal areas,while mainly decreased from the north to the south and from the central to the coastal areas in February.In each month of the winter season,the yearly frequencies of chilling injuries at capsicum seedling and flowering-fruit stages decreased insignificantly at most stations in the past 50 years in Hainan Island,which was generally beneficial to capsicum cultivation in Hainan Island.However,the frequency of the ex-tremely severe chilling injury in the north and central areas of Hainan Island increased insignificantly in February.Therefore,it was necessary to strengthen the prevention of the adverse effects of the extreme chilling injury on capsicum in the above areas in February.In general,the influence range of chilling injury at seedling and flowering-fruit stages of capsicum in Hainan Island was January>February>December,mild>moderate>severe>extremely severe,and the influence range of chilling injury(including each grade)at seedling and flowering-fruit stages of capsicum in each month of winter in recent 50 years was narrowing.