4~6岁儿童功能性构音障碍的影响因素

Influencing Factors of Functional Dysarthria in Children Aged 4-6 Years

目的 调查4~6岁儿童功能性构音障碍发病情况,并探究其影响因素。方法 本研究为横断面研究。采用多阶段随机整群抽样法,于2020年9月至2021年12月从河南洛阳市抽取350例4~6岁儿童进行功能性构音障碍检查,并对其主要抚养人进行问卷调查,内容包括儿童性别、年龄、主要抚养人、主要抚养人最高受教育程度、家庭方言种类、父母与子女交流方式、长期食用软食、合并小儿功能性消化不良等。将可能的因素纳入,后行logistic回归分析4~6岁儿童功能性构音障碍发病的影响因素,并提出相应的预防措施。结果 本研究共发放调查问卷350份,回收有效问卷350份,有效率100.00%。350例4~6岁儿童中发生功能性构音障碍41例,占比11.71%。发生组患儿主要抚养人最高受教育程度、家庭方言环境、长期食用软食、伴功能性消化不良与未发生组儿童比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间其他一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经logistic回归分析,结果显示,主要抚养人最高受教育程度低、家庭方言种类2种及以上、长期食用软食、伴功能性消化不良是4~6岁儿童功能性构音障碍发病的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论 主要抚养人最高受教育程度低、家庭方言种类2种及以上、长期食用软食、合并功能性消化不良是4~6岁儿童功能性构音障碍发病的影响因素。

Objective To investigate the incidence of functional dysarthria in children aged 4-6 years and explore its influencing factors.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study. The multistage random cluster sampling method was adopted. From September 2020 to December 2021, 350 children aged 4-6 years old were selected from Luoyang for functional dysarthria examination, and their main dependents were investigated by questionnaire. The contents of the questionnaire included children’s gender, age, main caregivers, the highest education level of main caregivers, family dialect types, communication methods between parents and children, long-term consumption of soft food, children with functional dyspepsia, etc. The possible factors were included, and then logistic regression analysis was carried out to analyze the influencing factors of the onset of functional dysarthria in children aged 4-6 years old, and the corresponding preventive measures were put forward.Results A total of 350 questionnaires were distributed in this study, and 350 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 100.00%. Among 350 children aged 4-6 years, 41 had functional dysarthria, accounting for 11.71%. There were statistical significant differences in the highest education level, take soft food for a long time, eating habits, combined functional dyspepsia between the children in the occurrence group and the children in the non occurrence group(P<0.05). There was no statistical significant difference in other baseline data between the two groups(P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for the onset of functional dysarthria in children aged 4-6 years were the highest level of education of the main caregivers, two or more types of family dialects, long-term consumption of soft food, and functional dyspepsia(OR>1, P<0.05).Conclusion The influencing factors of functional dysarthria in 4-6 years old children are the highest education level of the main dependents, two or more family dialects, long-term consumption of soft food and functional dyspepsia.