火山成因的海啸触发机制分析

Analysis on the triggering mechanism of volcanic tsunamis

2022年汤加火山爆发,引发了全球范围内的海啸,使火山海啸这一非典型性海啸受到学界的广泛关注。整理了全球历史火山海啸事件相关数据,分析了火山地震、火山结构失稳、水下爆炸、火山碎屑流、气压波这5种触发海啸的机制,介绍了2022年汤加火山海啸事件触发机制。指出未来火山海啸的研究方向为:从地质构造角度分析潜在海啸灾害的时空分布规律;以气象海啸和水下爆炸为重点,发展完善火山海啸各机制及传播理论;从技术角度解决火山海啸的相关预警问题。

In 2022,the Tonga volcanic eruption triggered a global tsunami.The widely observed volcanic tsunami attracts wide attention to such an atypical tsunami source in the academic world.In this paper,we review the historical records of volcanic tsunamis and summarize the triggering mechanisms into five categories:volcanic earthquake,volcanic structure instability,underwater explosion,pyroclastic flow and atmospheric pressure wave.We also briefly discuss the triggering mechanism of the2022 Tonga volcanic tsunami event.It is pointed out that the future research directions of volcanic tsunamis are as follows:analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution of potential volcanic tsunamis from tectonics;Developing and perfecting the mechanism and propagation theory of potential volcanic tsunami with the emphasis on meteorological tsunami and underwater explosion;Solving the volcanic tsunami warning problems from the technical point.