中欧铁路隧道标准差异性研究与制修订建议

Study on the Differences between China and EU Railway Tunnel Standards and Proposals for Revision

为进一步推动中国铁路“走出去”,吸纳欧洲铁路标准先进经验,适时将我国标准总结上升为国际标准,对比分析了中欧铁路隧道标准差异性。在整体上,我国铁路隧道已形成从勘察、设计、施工、验收到运维阶段的系统规范体系,而欧盟标准对隧道设计的侧重点在安全性、通用性设计,且相关的规范条文多为开放性、原则性内容,定量指标较少。研究结论:(1)进一步推动我国铁路隧道设计方法向极限状态法转化;在提升我国列车制造水平的基础上,优化我国的隧道限界、轮廓及断面布置;(2)根据我国铁路隧道建设经验,将复杂地质围岩分级方法、结构设计措施、施工方法(钻爆法)等提升为国际标准;结合超长大规模隧道群等重大项目,开展现场实测分析,形成强有力的科研成果支撑,适时推动我国防灾疏散救援相关标准被采纳形成国际标准。

In order to further promote the“going out”of China railways,absorb the advanced experiences of European railway standards,and timely summarize and upgrade China standards to international standards,this paper compares and analyzes the differences of railway tunnel standards between China and Europe.On the whole,a systematic specification system of survey,design,construction,acceptance,operation and maintenance for China railway tunnels has been formed.The EU standards focus on the safety and universality of tunnel design,and the relevant normative provisions are mostly open and principled with few quantitative indicators.Research conclusions:(1)transformation of railway tunnel design method to limit state method should be further promoted;on the basis of improving China’s train manufacturing level,China’s tunnel gauge,contour and section layout should be optimized.(2)According to the experiences of railway tunnel construction in China,the classification method of complex geological surrounding rock,structural design measures and construction method(drilling-blasting method)should be upgraded to international standards;combined with major projects such as overlength and large-scale tunnel groups,field measurement and analysis should be carried out to form a strong support of scientific research achievements,and the adoption of relevant standards for disaster prevention,evacuation and rescue in China should be timely promoted and accepted as international standards.