“网络空间意识形态熄灭论”的话语策略及其批判

The Discourse Strategy and Its Criticism of the Theory of Ideology Extinction in Cyberspace

西方“网络空间意识形态熄灭论”是“意识形态终结论”的延伸和翻版。承袭“终结论”的理论范式,“熄灭论”以技术中立为支点,否定了技术与意识形态的联系,散布网络自由主义言论,攻击主权国家的网络意识形态建设行动。“熄灭论”之所以极具误导性和危害性,在于其话语策略的多样性。一是沿用“场域脱钩”话语,渲染虚拟网络空间与意识形态无涉;二是运用“理性互峙”话语,深化工具理性与价值理性间的绝对分裂;三是租用“意义悬置”话语,编造网络思想市场天然无害的政治谎言;四是套用“能指漂浮”话语,依照个别观念的衰落否弃整体;五是利用“客观公正”话语,依托技术优势宣扬自身意识形态的“超越性”。因此,必须保持高度的警惕,运用唯物史观揭示其话语企图和实质,揭露和批判其话语悖论。

The western theory of ideology extinction in cyberspace is an extension and copy of the final conclusion of ideology. Inheriting the theoretical paradigm of final conclusion, extinguishment theory takes technological neutrality as its fulcrum, denies the connection between technology and ideology, spreads the speech of network liberalism, and attacks the construction of network ideology of sovereign states. The reason why extinction theory is very misleading and harmful lies in the diversity of its discourse strategies. First, it adopts the discourse of field decoupling and renders virtual cyberspace as having nothing to do with ideology. The second is to deepen the absolute separation between tool and value rationality by using the discourse of rationality facing each other. Third, renting meaning suspension discourse and fabricating natural and harmless political lies in the network thought market. Fourthly, the discourse of floating signifier is applied to reject the whole according to the decline of individual ideas. Fifthly, using objective and fair discourse, relying on technological advantages to publicize the transcendence of ideology. In this regard, we must keep a high degree of vigilance, use historical materialism to reveal his discourse intention and essence, expose and criticize his discourse paradox.