人工智能时代马克思主义劳动价值论的论争与辩护

Debate and Defense of Marxist Labor Theory of Value in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

随着人工智能技术的成熟与广泛应用,一些西方学者得出了马克思主义劳动价值理论在人工智能时代已经过时的错误结论。人工智能的本质是人类劳动的“技术存在物”,作为人的对象化劳动的人工智能并不能创造价值,它仅取代了人的直接劳动从而使“活劳动”间接地参与到生产过程之中,因此,人工智能并不是生产价值的劳动者;由于人类智能与人工智能存在着双重进化,人类可以通过劳动始终保持自身在人工智能社会中的主体地位,而人工智能只能改变人类的劳动形态,而不是使劳动阶级丧失劳动能力,因而人工智能是不可能僭越劳动阶级的主体地位的;人工智能条件下的数字劳动具有生产性劳动的本质特征,数字资本就是通过数字劳动来实现对劳动主体的隐蔽化剥削,因而数字劳动并没有摆脱资本主义生产关系,更不能消解资本主义生产关系中的剥削。因此,在人工智能广泛应用的新时代,我们仍然要坚持马克思主义劳动价值论,运用马克思劳动价值论解决存在的新问题,并对马克思劳动价值论进行创新发展,进一步推动人类进步。

With the maturity and wide application of artificial intelligence technology, some western scholars have come to the wrong conclusion that Marxist labor value theory has become obsolete in the era of artificial intelligence. In fact, the principle of Marxist labor theory of value is not out of date, but proves the profound explanatory power of Marxist labor theory of value on artificial intelligence labor: the essence of artificial intelligence is the technological existence of human labor, and artificial intelligence, as human objectified labor, cannot create value. It only replaces human direct labor, so that living labor indirectly participates in the production process. Therefore, AI is not a laborer of productive value;due to the dual evolution of human intelligence and artificial intelligence, human beings can always maintain their dominant position in the artificial intelligence society through labor, and artificial intelligence can only change the human labor form, not make the working class lose the ability to work. On the contrary, it will make human beings better engage in activities that enrich their own essence and achieve comprehensive and full development. Therefore, is it impossible for artificial intelligence to arrogate the dominant position of the working class;digital labor under the condition of artificial intelligence has the essential characteristics of productive labor. Digital capital is to realize the hidden exploitation of labor subjects through digital labor. Therefore, digital labor has not got rid of capitalist production relations, let alone the exploitation in capitalist production relations.