“见物”:“非席文式”的中国科学史研究——基于对《本草纲目》科学成就内因的探赜

Seeing Science:Research on the Chinese Scientific History by Non-Sivin’s Approach——Based on the Research of Inherent Cause of Scientific Achievement about Bencaogangmu

席文用“社会纬度”取代李约瑟“自然纬度”的科学史研究是“见人不见物”,忽略了中国传统科学独立于人类社会史的生命与历史。对中国传统“纯粹本土科学”最后一高峰《本草纲目》科学成就主因的梳理,主要集中于内在逻辑和驱动机制上。哲学基础上“理实二学”的交互导引、探索动力上“卫生济世”的德性使然、逻辑方法上“多法共用”的综合保障、理论跨度上“综罗百科”的视野促成以及发展模式上“食古善化”的快捷助力是对其梳理的主要结果。当然,中国科学史研究最终应走到席文的“上面”而非“反面”,即舍弃单向度的固定框架,旨归涵摄多种异质性因素的“人物俱见”的视野融合。

In the research of scientific history, Nathan Sivin using social element instead of nature element, which ignoring the life and history of Chinese traditional science independent of human social history, was seeing society but not science. So, in the study of material cause of scientific achievement of Bencaogangmu, the last peak of purely indigenous science in traditional Chinese society, we focus on the inherent reasons and driven mechanism of it. On the basis of philosophy, the interactive guidance of reason and reality, the virtue of health and world in terms of exploration motivation, the comprehensive guarantee of multi-method sharing in terms of logic and method, and the vision of comprehensive encyclopedia in terms of theoretical span, and in terms of development mode, the quick assistance of eating ancient times and making good changes is the main result of its sorting out. Of course, the research on the history of Chinese science should eventually go to the above rather than the reverse of Sivin, that is, to abandon the one-dimensional fixed framework, and aims at fusion of visions of seeing both people and things that incorporates a variety of heterogeneous factors.