从“中文屋”到“艺术屋”:对人工智能艺术的心灵批评与反思

From Chinese Room to Art Room: The Criticism andReflection of Mind on Artificial Intelligence Art

人工智能艺术的出现打破了艺术与心灵的联系,催生了艺术危机。塞尔通过“中文屋”论证了人工智能心灵的不可能,宣告了人工智能艺术缺少形成艺术的必要条件。实际上,人工智能缺乏心灵未必就表明人工智能艺术不是艺术。在“艺术屋”测试中,确定判断意味着被测者在艺术手册的指导下轻松做出辨认,不确定判断的出现则意味着艺术规则指导作用的失灵,当不确定事件出现的概率超过1/2时宣告测试通过,即表明艺术规则在面对人工智能艺术时的不可包容性。“艺术屋”测试证实了人工智能艺术所带来的艺术的心灵危机,也表明人类已有的艺术规则禁不起对人自身的“盲测”。“无心”的人工智能艺术的现身意味着拥有心灵状态并不是人类艺术的全部,也提示着人类艺术系统还不够开放、包容,需要反思其人类中心主义基础。

The emergence of artificial intelligence art breaks the relationship between art and mind and leads to art crisis. Through Searle’s Chinese Room argument, we can see artificial intelligence has no mind, which seems to declare that artificial intelligence art lacks the necessary conditions for the formation of art. In fact, artificial intelligence lacks the mind, which does not necessarily mean that artificial intelligence art is not art. In the Art Room test, definite judgment means that people can easily make a decision under the guidance of the art manual, while the emergence of uncertain judgment means the failure of the guiding role of art rules. When the probability of uncertain events is more than 50%, the test is declared to pass, which shows that the art rules are not inclusive in the face of artificial intelligence art. The Art Room test confirms the crisis between art and artificial intelligence art, and also shows that the existing art rules of mankind cannot withstand the blind test of human beings. The appearance of unintentional artificial intelligence art means that the human art system is not open and inclusive enough, and need to reflect on its anthropocentrism basis.