采煤沉陷区动态预复垦理论分析及工程实践

Theoretical analysis and engineering practice of dynamic pre-reclamation in coal mining subsidence area

在我国东部高潜水位矿区,由于单一厚煤层和多煤层的长时间无序开采,形成了大面积的非稳沉区及积水区,致使耕地面积急剧减少,若不及时治理则会导致治理成本增加、复垦效率降低等一系列问题。本着从“末端治理”向“源头控制”、“过程管理”与“防治结合”的理念,在现有研究成果的基础上,对动态预复垦从原理、优势、关键技术等多个方面进行综合分析,并结合工程实例对动态预复垦的整体技术体系与实施方法进行深入剖析。结果表明:动态预复垦能够将采矿与复垦有效结合,通过合理分区、科学确定标高、表土有效剥覆等手段,可有效保护和利用浅部耕作土层的土地资源,缩短土地恢复治理时间,效益显著。

In the mining areas with high phreatic water levels in Eastern China, due to the long time and disordered mining of single thick coal seam and multiple coal seams, a large area of unstable settlement and waterlogging areas have been formed, resulting in a sharp decrease in the area of arable land. If not managed in time, it will lead to a series of problems, such as the increase of management cost and the reduction of reclamation efficiency. Based on the concept of “end management” to “source control”, “process management” and “combination of prevention and control”, and on the basis of the existing research results, the dynamic pre-reclamation was comprehensively analyzed from the principle, advantages, key technologies and other aspects. Combined with engineering examples, the overall technical system and implementation methods of dynamic pre-reclamation were deeply analyzed. The results show that dynamic pre-reclamation can effectively combine mining and reclamation. By means of reasonable zoning, scientific determination of elevation, and effective topsoil peeling, it can effectively protect and utilize the land resources of shallow cultivated soil layers and shorten the time for land restoration and management, and the benefits are significant.