学业负担综合治理的基本理路

The Basic Principles of Comprehensive Management of Academic Burden

学业负担是典型的多因单果问题,从其丰富的内涵及形成的机理看,应着眼于政府、社会和学校“三方协同”的综合治理。其中,政府的治理应凸显“政策高地”作用,承担规范治理导向和构建政策保障体系的责任;社会的治理应注重“舆论阵地”作用,承担健全舆论机制、营造良好舆论生态的责任;学校的治理应夯实“治理基地”作用,承担自主变革课程、教学和评价等以有效治理学业负担的责任。由此形成政府“法治”、社会“德治”和学校“自治”的“三方协同、三治联动”的义务教育学业负担综合治理体系,力争从根本上解决学业负担过重问题。

Academic burden is a typical problem of multiple causes and single effects.From the perspective of its rich connotation and formation mechanism,it should focus on the comprehensive governance of the triple coordination of the government,society,and schools.Among them,the government’s governance should highlight the role of policy highland,and assume the responsibility of grasping the governance orientation and building a policy guarantee system;the governance of society should focus on the role of public opinion position,and assume the responsibility of improving the public opinion mechanism and creating a good public opinion ecology;the governance of schools should consolidate the role of governance base and undertake the responsibility of independently reforming curriculum,teaching and evaluation to effectively manage the academic burden.Thus,a comprehensive governance system that three-party coordination and three-governance linkage of compulsory education academic burden has been formed,featuring the rule of law of the government,the rule of virtue of the society and the autonomy of the school and strive to fundamentally solve the problem of excessive academic burden.