铝合金电弧增材制造技术研究进展

Research Progress of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Technology for Aluminum Alloy

增材制造技术是制造业信息化、数字化、智能化的重要组成内容,而电弧增材技术在铝合金成形中具有较好的应用优势。从金属增材制造技术分类、发展历程、标准规范、技术原理等方面,对比分析了不同增材制造技术的优势与局限。特别介绍了以冷金属过渡技术为代表的电弧增材技术,讨论了电弧增材技术的自身优势与局限性,及其应用于铝合金结构件一体化制造的优势。从成形工艺、气孔缺陷、强韧化技术等多方面综述了国内外铝合金电弧增材技术的研究发展,介绍了目前国内外在铝合金电弧增材制造方向的研究工作以及遇到的主要问题,重点分析了铝合金电弧增材制造样品强韧化方法与效果,介绍了国内外的相关优秀案例。最后总结了未来铝合金电弧增材制造技术需要着重解决的问题与方向,包括原材料质量问题、几何精度问题、气孔、热裂纹和残余应力问题、组织和力学性能问题。

Additive manufacturing technology is an important component of manufacturing information,digitalization and intelligence,and arc additive technology has better application advantages in aluminum alloy forming.The advantages and limitations of different additive manufacturing technologies are compared and analyzed from the aspects of metal additive manufacturing technology classification,development history,standard specification and technology principle.In particular,the arc additive technology,represented by cold metal transition technology,is introduced,and the advantages and limitations of the arc additive technology itself and its advantages of application to the integrated manufacturing of aluminum alloy structural parts are discussed.The research and development of domestic and international arc additive technology for aluminum alloys are reviewed in terms of forming process,porosity defects,toughening technology,etc.The current research work and main problems encountered in the direction of arc additive manufacturing for aluminum alloys are introduced,the toughening methods and effects of arc additive manufacturing samples for aluminum alloys are analyzed,and relevant excellent cases at home and abroad are introduced.Finally,we summarize the problems and possible directions that need to be addressed in the future arc additive manufacturing technology for aluminum alloys,including:raw material quality,geometric accuracy,porosity,thermal cracking and residual stress,and organization and mechanical properties.