破茧而出:“部落时代”的教育危机及其因应

Out of the Cocoon:Education Crisis in the Time of the Tribes and the Countermeasures

“部落”并非指那些由若干血缘相近的氏族组合而成的群体,而是现代社会中因拥有共同的兴趣爱好而聚集到一起的社群。前者是家族的衍生,后者是现代的产物。因此,也可称与传统血缘氏族不同的该兴趣社群为“新部落”。如果说脱离原有秩序的“游牧民”的产生是现代部落得以形成的前提,那么新兴媒介技术则为再部落化提供了技术性支持与可能性基础。借助新兴电子媒介的力量,强调个人与个人自由结社的“部落时代”正式来临。然而“部落时代”的基本症候却是人的“认知部落化”,即决定人们如何形成关于某一事件知识的判准,逐渐从个人的理性与事件的真相转变为个体的感性与群体的记忆。“讲理”与“求真”让位于“唯我”与“从众”。与体现现代性的科层制让个体效忠于因等级而壁垒分明的组织不同,反映后现代性的互联网令人服膺于因立场集结而成的部落。“因他者的丧失,而学习垂直化”“因为部落而战,而对话形式化”“因娇惯的心灵,而信息茧房化”是“部落时代”教育的三重危机。想要走出部落,强调建构真实对话空间的越境学习是关键。越境学习是通过对话更迭学习者经验的活动。从这一视角看,走出部落就意味着学习者借助与他者对话,而实现自身越境。越境服帖于他者,以最真诚的态度,呼唤他者对自我的回应。正视对话双方非对称关系的越境学习,不满足于基于尊重的共存,而是致力于基于对话的共生。为此,“你对此怎么看”须取代“事情就是这样”。

“Tribes” do not mean groups composed of several clans with close blood ties, but communities in modern society that have common interests. The former are derivative of families, while the latter are the modern products. These communities of interest, which differ from the traditional blood clans, also can be called “neo-tribes”. If the emergence of “nomads” who break away from the original order is the premise of the formation of modern tribes, then the emerging media technology provides technical support and possible basis for retribalization. With the help of emerging electronic media, “the time of the tribes” that emphasizes the free assembly of individuals has officially come. The basic symptom in “the time of the tribes” is “the tribalization of cognition”, that is, the judgment that determines how people get knowledge about an event gradually changes from individual rationality and truth of the event to individual sensibility and group memory. Reason and truth-seeking have given way to solipsism and conformity. Tribalism is a word that contains a variety of phenomena that relate to loyalty to and favoring of groups to which one belongs. “Fighting for the tribe” is the manifestation of tribalization, “the loss of the other” is the cause of tribalization, and “the spoiled mind” is the result of tribalization. In order to get out of the tribe, cross-border learning which emphasizes the construction of real dialogue space is the key. The learning that facing the asymmetric relationship between the two sides of the dialogue, is not satisfied with coexistence based on respect, but committed to symbiosis based on dialogue. For that, “What you think about it?” has to replace “it being the case.”.