1959—2019年上海市崇明区尘肺病患者死亡情况分析

Epidemiological analysis on death cases of pneumoconiosis during 1959-2019 in Chongming District of Shanghai

【目的】分析上海市崇明区尘肺病死亡患者流行病学特征,为进一步做好尘肺病防治与管理提供科学数据。【方法】采用描述流行病学方法,回顾性调查和汇总分析上海市崇明区1959—2019年职业性尘肺病死亡病例情况。采用Spearman秩相关分析尘肺病患者发病年龄、接尘工龄与病程的相关性。【结果】1959—2019年上海市崇明区尘肺死亡病例226例,男性223例(占98.67%)。硅肺死亡病例最多(119例),病死率最高(82.07%)。尘肺病患者发病年龄与病程呈负相关(r_(s)=-0.596,P<0.001)。尘肺病患者接尘工龄与病程无相关性(r_(s)=-0.107,P=0.109)。不同尘肺病的病死率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=59.250,P<0.05)。不同期别尘肺病的病死率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=27.666,P<0.05)。随着尘肺病期上升,病死率明显上升。1959—1979、1980—1989、1990—1999、2000—2009、2010—2019年尘肺病的病死率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=29.750,P<0.05)。死因前3位是呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤和心脑血管疾病。【结论】2015—2019年上海市崇明区现患尘肺病例数量减少。建议进一步加强尘肺病患者的健康监护和管理,控制肺部和慢性呼吸道疾病,延长尘肺患者的寿命,提高生活质量。

[Objective]To study the epidemiological characteristics of deaths due to pneumoconiosis and its complications in order to improve the prevention and management of pneumoconiosis.[Methods]The pneumoconiosis deaths who died during 1959-2019 in Chongming District of Shanghai were investigated and analyzed retrospectively by the descriptive epidemiological methods.The correlation of the age of onset and the course of disease was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation,as well as the duration of dust exposure and the course of disease in pneumoconiosis patients.[Results]From 1959 to 2019,there were 226 pneumoconiosis deaths,223 males(98.67%).The mortality of silicosis was the highest(82.07%).The age of onset of pneumoconiosis was negatively correlated with the course of disease(r_(s)=-0.596,P<0.001).There was no correlation between the duration of dust exposure and the course of disease in pneumoconiosis patients(r_(s)=-0.107,P=0.109).There were statistically significant differences in mortality among groups in different types and stages of pneumoconiosis(χ^(2)=59.250,27.666,both P<0.05).The mortality increased with the increase of stage of pneumoconiosis.The mortality of pneumoconiosis was significantly different in 1959-1979,1980-1989,1990-1999,2000-2009 and 2010-2019(χ^(2)=29.750,P<0.05).The top three causes of death in pneumoconiosis cases were respiratory diseases,malignant tumor and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.[Conclusion]It is suggested to further strengthen the health monitoring and management of pneumoconiosis patients,control lung and chronic respiratory diseases to delay the life expectancy and improve quality of life of pneumoconiosis patients.