“竞赛社会”中的“齿轮人”——资本统治权批判的哲学叙事

The"Gear Man"in the"Competitive Society"——The Philosophical Narration of the Criticism of Capital Dominance

马克思在《资本论》第二十二章“剩余价值分为资本和收入。节欲论”部分将资本家比喻成资本主义社会机制的“主动轮”,并指出,竞争使资本主义生产方式内在的规律作为外在的强制支配着每一个资本家,因此,资本家的私人消费也就成为对他资本积累的掠夺。这使得资本家必须履行其“主动轮”身份的义务,在资本主义“竞赛社会”中不断轮转,并带动作为“从动轮”的劳动者。马克思“主动轮”的比喻揭露了资本主义“竞赛社会”中主体的“齿轮”本质,在资本主义“自由竞争”的机制下,资本实现了全方位的自由,而主体则被迫陷入自由陷阱,失去自由。这意味着在资本主义社会中真正的主体空场,即人的主体地位沦陷,全体人成为维持资本机器运转的齿轮。在此意义上,资本权力已然取代了全体人的主体地位,实现了资本权力的控场。

Marx’s surplus value in Chapter 22 of Das Kapital is divided into capital and income.The part of abstinence theory compares capitalists to the"active wheel"of capitalist social mechanism,and reveals that competition makes the internal law of capitalist mode of production dominate every capitalist as an external compulsory law,therefore,the private consumption of capitalists has become the plunder of his capital accumulation.It makes the capitalists must fulfill their obligations as"active wheels",constantly rotate in the capitalist"competitive society",and drive the workers as the"driven wheels".The analogy of Marx’s"active wheel"reveals the"gear"nature of the subject in the capitalist"competitive society".Under the mechanism of capitalist"free competition",capital achieves all-around freedom,while the subject is forced to fall into the freedom trap and lose its freedom.This means that in the capitalist society,the real subject empty field,that is,the dominant position of human beings has fallen,and all people have become the gears to maintain the operation of the capital machine,in this sense,capital power has replaced the dominant position of all people and realized the control of capital power.