霸权之翼:美国外交能力探析——以特朗普、拜登政府为重点的分析

Wings of Hegemony:An Analysis of America’s Diplomatic Competence

美国霸权护持不仅有赖于其经济、军事实力,也与其外交能力密切相关。总体来看,基于对特朗普、拜登两届政府的研究分析,可以发现美国的外交理论对于国家政策的塑造和解释能力比较强大,但也体现了美国对自身的认知过度自信和对其世界霸权地位格外重视。同时美国的外交谋划也出现了战略失衡问题,即在战略目标与战略资源之间出现不相匹配现象。美国的外交机制在制度建设方面的能力虽然比较完备,但因国内政治分化、领导人的执政风格和国际制度取向等原因,也存在不确定性。美国外交的协调能力在国内外都谋求强化其作用,不过这种强化需求也加剧了各方之间的张力,使得统筹协调的难度增加。美国外交执行能力波动与其外交资源投入、外交人员素质密切相关,也与白宫对外交系统的信任程度有关。鉴于近年中美竞争加剧并具有长期性,两国在外交领域的博弈也异常激烈,这使得我们对美国的外交能力加强深入研究很有必要。

The preservation of American hegemony not only depends on its economic and military strength,but is also closely related to its diplomatic competence.In general,based on the research and analysis of the Trump and Biden administrations,it can be found that American diplomatic theories have a strong ability to shape and explain national policies,which also reflect America’s overconfidence in its own cognition and that the US attaches great importance to its world hegemony.At the same time,the problem of strategic imbalance also appears in America’s diplomatic planning,that is,there is a mismatch between strategic objectives and strategic resources.Although the US diplomatic mechanism is relatively complete in terms of institutional construction,it is also uncertain due to domestic political differentiation,the governing style of leaders and the orientation of international institutions.The coordination ability of US diplomacy seeks to strengthen its role at home and abroad,but this strengthening demand also intensifies the tension among various parties,making the overall coordination more difficult.The fluctuation of US diplomatic execution ability is closely related to the input of diplomatic resources and the quality of diplomatic team,as well as the degree of trust of the White House in the diplomatic system.In view of the intensifying and long-term competition between China and the United States in recent years,the game between the two countries in the diplomatic field is also extremely fierce,which makes it necessary for us to strengthen the in-depth study of the diplomatic competence of the United States.Only in this way,can we“know ourselves and the enemy”,and enhance the mediation and struggle ability of China’s diplomacy.