论印度与美西方国家的关系:现状、动力、影响及趋势

On India’s Relations with the Unite States and the West:Status Quo,Dynamics,Implications and Development Trends

自独立以来,印度外交一直遵循与特定国家集团保持一定距离的传统,以当时当地所认定的国家利益决定其在国际和地区问题上的立场,力避被迫卷入国家集团对抗而损及自身利益。冷战期间乃至冷战结束初期,印度亦仍坚持“与西方保持一定距离、与东方巩固团结”的外交政策取向。然而,在美西方国家“印太战略”出台和落地实施等系列因素的作用下,印度已大幅改变上述外交传统与政策惯性,与美西方国家迅速密切战略伙伴关系,并推动双方在安全、经济和“印太”议题上的实质性合作,在欧亚大陆和“印太海洋”两大战略方向的选择上也日益明显地倾向于后者。在可预见的将来,印度与美西方国家战略协调和实质合作的势头不会逆转,但双方关系进一步深化也面临不少难以克服的障碍与挑战。

Since independence,India’s diplomacy has always followed the tradition of keeping a certain distance from specific groups of countries,and decided its position on international and regional issues based on its national interests recognized at the time and place,in an effort to avoid being forced into confrontation between groups of countries that would harm its own interests.During the Cold War and even at the beginning of the end of the Cold War,India still adhered to the foreign policy orientation of“keeping a certain distance from the West and consolidating solidarity with the East”.However,under the influence of a series of factors such as the introduction and implementation of the Indo-Pacific Strategy by the US and Western countries,India has significantly changed the above diplomatic tradition and policy inertia,promptly strengthened strategic partnership with the US and the West,and promoted substantive cooperation between the two sides on security,economy and issues related to the Indo-Pacific region,with its choice on the two major strategic directions of Eurasia and the Indian and Pacific Oceans increasingly inclining to the latter.In the foreseeable future,the momentum of strategic coordination and substantive cooperation between India and the US and Western countries will not be reversed,but the further deepening of bilateral relations also faces many insurmountable obstacles and challenges.