不同储存条件对苦杏仁临方捣碎有效成分的影响

Influence of Different Storage Conditions on the Effective Components of Kuxingren(Semen Armeniacae Amarum)Pounded to Pieces When Used

目的比较不同储存条件下苦杏仁挥发性成分的差异,验证临方捣碎的合理性。方法将苦杏仁分为13组:用时捣碎(0 w)组、捣碎4℃储存1 w组、不捣碎4℃储存1 w组、捣碎25℃储存1 w组、不捣碎25℃储存1 w组、捣碎4℃储存2 w组、不捣碎4℃储存2 w组、捣碎25℃储存2 w组、不捣碎25℃储存2 w组、捣碎4℃储存4 w组、不捣碎4℃储存4 w组、捣碎25℃储存4 w组、不捣碎25℃储存4 w组。采用顶空进样-气质联用技术(HS-GC-MS)分析各组苦杏仁挥发性成分,经MSDIAL 4.48软件数据处理后,利用微生信网站(http://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/)对其进行相关性分析,并结合主成分分析(PCA)、偏最小二乘法-判别分析(PLS-DA)、正交偏最小二乘-判别分析(OPLS-DA)方法进行模式识别,结合变量重要性投影(VIP)筛选差异化合物。结果用时捣碎(0 w)与储存1 w呈正相关[相关系数(r)>0.5,P<0.05];0 w与储存2 w、4 w相均呈负相关(r<0,P<0.05);在相同储存时间下进一步分析储存温度和储存状态对苦杏仁样品影响较小(r>0.5)。最终质谱解析后在苦杏仁中共鉴定出33个挥发性成分。PCA结果显示,苦杏仁0 w与储存1 w样品无明显差异,而0 w与2 w、4 w样品具有明显差异。依据OPLS-DA模型的VIP>1且单维检验P<0.05,差异倍数值>2,共鉴定20个差异物质,其中样品储存1 w后,仅苯甲醛的含量降低,并没有明显的成分差异,而储存2 w后,有17种化合物含量降低,储存4 w后,存在20种差异化合物。结论苦杏仁储存超过2 w挥发性成分会显著减少,表明临方捣碎具有一定的合理性。

Objective To compare the difference of volatile components of Kuxingren(Semen Armeniacae Amarum)in different storage conditions,and to verify the rationality of pounding to pieces when used.Methods There were 13 groups of Kuxingren samples under different storage conditions,temperature and time,which were pounding into pieces when used(0 w)group,storing at 4℃for 1 w after pounding into pieces group,storing at 4℃for 1 w without pounding group,storing at 25℃for 1 w after pounding into pieces group,storing at 25℃for 1 w without pounding group,storing at 4℃for 2 w after pounding into pieces group,storing at 4℃for 2 w without pounding group,storing at 25℃for 2 w after pounding into pieces group,storing at 25℃for 2 w without pounding group,storing at 4℃for 4 w after pounding into pieces group,storing at 4℃for 4 w without pounding group,storing at 25℃for 4 w after pounding into pieces group,and storing at 25℃for 4 w without pounding group.Headspace sampling-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-GC-MS)was used to analyze the volatile components of each Kuxingren group.After data processing by MSDIAL 4.48 software,Weishengxin website(http://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/)was used to conduct correlation analysis.Combined with principal component analysis(PCA),partial least squaresdiscriminant analysis(PLS-DA),Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)method for pattern recognition,variable importance projection(VIP)was used to screen differential compounds.Results The components of Kuxingren were positively correlated between 0 w and 1 w(correlation coefficient(r)>0.5,P<0.05),while negatively correlated between 0 w and 2 w and 4 w(r<0,P<0.05).Under the same storage time,the influence of storage temperature and storage state on the components of Kuxingren was further analyzed,and it was found that the influence on Kuxingren samples was small(r>0.5).A total of 33 volatile components were identified in Kuxingren after final mass spectrometry analysis.The results of PCA showed that there was no significant difference between 0 w and 1 w samples,but significant differences between 0 w,2 w and 4 w samples.According to the OPLS-DA model with VIP>1,unilateral P<0.05,and the multiple of difference value>2,20 different compounds were found.After stored for 1 w,only the content of benzaldehyde decreased,and there was no obvious difference of the components.Stored for 2 w,17 compounds decreased.Stored for 4 w,20 differential compounds were found.Conclusion When Kuxingren is stored for more than two weeks,its volatile components will be significantly reduced,indicating that it is reasonable to pound it to pieces when used.