“动态筝形说”:比较文学的另一种界说

“Dynamic Kite Theory”:A New Way to Define Comparative Literatures

百年来,比较文学没有取得一个共识定义,其深层的原因是学者们理所当然地将比较文学视为一个“大整体”,对之进行“整体性叙述”。基于个体性向度,以个体性比较文学为基本单位,比较文学可被界说为“共相与殊相统一体的个体集合”。共相指所有个体共有的形式,是一个恒量范畴,指或跨语言、或跨民族、或跨国家、或跨文化、或跨文明(“五跨”)文学之间关系的研究;殊相指个体独有的相貌,是一个变量范畴,它受制于个体隐结构中“世界文学关系观”与“目的旨向”两大要素。共相与殊相的“统一体”关系,可借助一个动态筝形得到图说:筝形四边的定长(即共相)喻指“五跨”文学关系研究的恒量范畴;筝形上、下的变角(即殊相)喻指隐结构中两大要素所构成的变量范畴;筝形上、下两角变动所构成众多的个体相态,喻指“共相与殊相统一体的个体集合”。

Based on individuality and taking individual comparative literature as the basic unit, comparative literature can be defined as: the collection of individuals with the unity of “universal” and “special”. “Universal” is a qualitative category which refers to the study of cross-language, cross-ethnic group, cross-nation, cross-culture, and cross-civilization(“five crosses”) literary relationship;“special” is a variable category consists of two major elements: “the view of world literatures’ relationship” and the “purpose” of each individual comparative literature. The unified relationship between “universal” and “special” can be fully illustrated by a dynamic kite shape.