湖北省市售典型食品中二氧化硫残留现状及风险分析

Analysis and risk assessment of sulfur dioxide residue in typical goods in Hubei Province

目的了解湖北省市售典型食品中二氧化硫残留量及风险水平,为监管部门制定管理措施提供科学依据。方法在湖北省15个市(州)超市、农贸市场等采集黄花菜(干)、竹笋(干)、腐竹(干)、银耳(干)、金针菇(鲜)、口蘑(鲜)、南瓜子、魔芋粉、葛根粉和葡萄酒等10种典型食品共计1867份,使用GB/T 5009.34—2003检测二氧化硫残留量;采用点评估方法计算湖北省居民的二氧化硫摄入量,通过典型食品的二氧化硫进行暴露评估。结果10类食品的总的超标率为20.03%(374/1867),从高到低依次为银耳(干)[36.93%(106/287)]、黄花菜(干)[35.10%(106/302)]、腐竹(干)[28.31%(77/272)]、葛根粉[17.65%(15/85)]、魔芋粉[13.64%(6/44)]、南瓜子[13.28%(34/256)]、竹笋(干)[10.81%(24/222)]、口蘑(鲜)[3.17%(4/126)]、葡萄酒[1.92%(1/52)]、金针菇(鲜)[0.45%(1/221)]。10类食品二氧化硫残留量均值范围为0.02~1.18 g/kg。湖北省居民膳食二氧化硫的每日平均摄入量为0.28~0.59 mg/kg·BW·d,高食物量消费人群每日摄入量(第97.5百分位数,P97.5)为1.81~3.78 mg/kg·BW·d,超过每日容许摄入量(0~0.7 mg/kg·BW·d)。结论湖北省黄花菜(干)、银耳(干)和腐竹(干)等食品中二氧化硫残留量超标较为严重,居民二氧化硫膳食平均每日摄入量处于安全水平,但高食物量消费人群存在较高的健康风险。

Objective To provide a scientific basis for regulatory authorities to develop management measures,sulfur dioxide residues and risk in typical foods in Hubei province market was studied.Methods A total of 1 867 samples of 10typical foods were collected from supermarkets and farmers’ markets in 15 cities(states) in Hubei province,including day lily(dried),bamboo shoots(dried),Yuba(dried),tremella(dried),enoki mushroom(fresh),mushroom(fresh),pumpkin seeds,konjac powder,pueraria powder and wine.Sulfur dioxide residues were detected according to GB/T 5009.34-2003.The point assessment method was used to calculate the residents’ intake of sulfur dioxide and the exposure risk.Results The total over-limit ratio of 10 types of food was 20.03%(374/1 867),and the descending order was tremella(dried) [36.93%(106/287)],day lily(dried) [35.10%(106/302)],Yuba(dried) [28.31%(77/272)],pueraria powder [17.65%(15/85)],konjac powder [13.64%(6/44)],pumpkin seeds [13.28%(34/256)],bamboo shoots(dried) [10.81%(24/222)],mushroom(fresh) [3.17%(4/126)],wine [1.92%(1/52)] and enoki mushroom(fresh) [0.45%(1/221)].The mean value of sulfur dioxide residues in 10 types of food ranged from 0.02 to 1.18 g/kg.The average daily dietary intake of sulfur dioxide of residents in Hubei province ranged from 0.28 to 0.59 mg/kg·BW·d,and the daily intake(97.5 th percentile,P97.5) of people with high food consumption was 1.81~3.78 mg/kg·BW·d,which exceeded the ADI(0~0.7 mg/kg·BW·d).Conclusion Sulfur dioxide residues in day lily(dried),tremella(dried) and Yuba(dried) were more serious in Hubei province.The average daily intake of sulfur dioxide of residents was acceptable,but the high food consumption of population hasd a high health risk.