2012—2020年江西省家庭食源性疾病暴发事件分析

Analysis of family foodborne disease outbreaks in Jiangxi Province from 2012 to 2020

目的分析江西省家庭食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学特征,为预防和有效控制家庭食源性疾病提供参考依据。方法收集江西省2012—2020年食源性疾病暴发监测系统中报告的家庭食源性疾病暴发事件资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果2012—2020年江西省共报告家庭食源性疾病暴发事件715起,累计发病2608人,死亡35人,病死率为1.3%(35/2608)。9年间暴发事件数整体呈上升趋势,事件集中发生在5~10月份。从致病因素和原因食品分析,野生蘑菇引起的事件数、发病人数和死亡人数最多,分别占总数的45.0%(322/715)、39.5%(1029/2608)和94.2%(33/35),其次是微生物致病因素。从区域分析,家庭食源性疾病暴发事件主要发生在农村,报告的事件数、发病人数和死亡人数分别占总数的73.1%(527/715)、75.4%(1966/2608)和100.0%(35/35)。结论江西省食源性疾病高发季节,应重点针对广大农村家庭开展食用野生蘑菇的危害性宣传,普及微生物性食源性疾病知识,减少家庭食源性疾病的发生,降低死亡率。

Objective To provide reference for preventing and controlling the family foodborne disease,the epidemiological characteristics of family foodborne disease outbreaks in Jiangxi Province was analyzed.Methods The descriptive analysis was conducted on the data of family foodborne disease outbreaks in Jiangxi Province reported through Foodborne Disease Outbreak Reporting System from 2012 to 2020.Results From 2012 to 2020,a total of 715families,2 608 illnesses and 35 deaths from foodborne disease outbreaks were reported in Jiangxi Province.The case fatality rate was 1.3%(35/2 608).The number of family foodborne disease outbreaks was on the rise within the 9 years,and most of the incidents occurred during May to October.From the analysis of pathogenic factors and causative food,wild mushroom caused the most incidents,cases and deaths,accounting for 45.0%(322/715),39.5%(1 029/2 608) and 94.2%(33/35) of the total respectively,followed by microorganism pathogenic factor.From the analysis of areas distribution,the most incidents occurred in rural families,the incidents,cases and deaths accounted for 73.1%(527/715),75.4%(1 966/2 608) and 100.0%(35/35),respectively.Conclusion In the high incidence season of foodborne diseases in Jiangxi Province,the publicity of the risk of eating wild mushroom and the knowledge of microbial foodborne diseases should be targeted at rural families to reduce the incidence of family foodborne disease and death.