2005—2020年我国唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌中毒事件流行病学分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of Burkholderia gladioli poisoning in China from 2005 to 2020

目的 分析2005—2020年我国唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌中毒流行病学特征和规律,为预防唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌导致的酵米面中毒提供科学依据。方法 收集2005—2020年全国唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌中毒事件,对事件相关资料进行回顾性的描述性分析,应用Excel 2013软件和SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 2005—2020年,全国共报告唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌中毒事件30起,中毒188例,死亡85例,病死率为45.21%;其中较大级别事件占事件总数的93.33%(28/30),病死率53.13%。临床主要表现为呕吐、腹痛、头晕、腹泻。主要发生在5~9月;全国有7个省份22个县报告唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌中毒事件,主要位于我国华南、西南和东北地区。人群各个年龄段均有发病,病死率随年龄增加呈上升趋势。引起中毒事件的主要中毒食品有谷类食品和木耳;谷类食品中,家庭自制的谷类发酵制品占80.00%华南和西南地区以玉米粑、糯玉米汤圆、河粉等食品为主,北方地区以酸汤子为主。结论 唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌中毒事件,因其高病死率往往引起社会的重视。2005—2020年,除2013、2017和2019年外,其他年份唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌引起的中毒事件均有报告。事件发生地区主要为农村地区,以家庭自制的谷类发酵食品为主,近年来发生在城市地区由市售食品河粉引起中毒事件应引起高度重视。预防唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌中毒事件主要从食品加工方式和饮食习惯等环节进行规范管理,提倡科学饮食,提高食品安全意识。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and regularity of Burkholderia gladioli poisoning in China from 2005 to 2020,and provide scientific basis for prevention of fermented rice noodle poisoning.Methods Poisoning incidents of Burkholderia gladioli in China from 2005 to 2020 were collected,retrospective descriptive analysis was performed on the data related to the event,and statistical analysis was performed by Excel 2013 and SPSS 26.0 software.Results From 2005 to 2020,a total of 30 incidents of Burkholderia gladioli poisoning were reported in China with 188 cases and 85 deaths,and the fatality rate was 45.21%,major indidents accounted for 93.33%(28/30) of the total number of incidents,and the fatality rate was 53.13%.The main clinical manifestations were vomiting,abdominal pain,dizziness and diarrhea.It mainly occurred from May to September.Poisoning cases of Burkholderia gladioli were reported from 22 counties in seven provinces,mainly in the south,southwest and northeast of China.The incidences occurred in all age groups,and the fatality rate increased with age.The main poisoning foods were cereals and agaric.In cereal food,home-made fermented cereal products account for 80.0%.In south and southwest China,corn wrappers,glutinous corn dumplings and rice noodles were the main food,while in north China,sour corn noodle was the main food.Conclusion Burkholderia gladioli poisoning often draws the attention of the society because of its high fatality rate.Between 2005 and 2020,poisoning incidents caused by Burkholderia gladioli were reported in all years except the year of 2013,2017 and 2019.The incident occurred mainly in rural areas,mainly in home-made fermented cereal food.In recent years,poisoning incidents caused by commercially available rice noodle occurred in urban areas,which should be paid attention seriously.Prevention of Burkholderia gladioli poisoning should mainly focus on food processing and food hygiene management,promoting scientific diet,and improving food safety awareness.