论现实主义文学原理的构建

On Constructing the Basic Theory of Literary Realism

现实主义文学原理是外国文学原理的重要组成部分。本文从文学与现实的关系出发,深入讨论如何构建现实主义文学原理新体系。本文首先回答了现实主义文学原理是什么这一核心问题,然后从历时和共时的角度溯源和甄别现实、摹仿、真实、虚构等基本概念,指出现实主义文学理论具有复杂性和丰富性,主要沿认知、审美、情动、跨媒介等路径展开,由此形成了相应的批评范式。现实主义文学理论在世界各地的新发展也是本文考察的内容,尤其强调了中国批评家和作家对现实主义文学理论的贡献。本文得出的结论是,应以优秀作家现实主义创作实践为基础,批判性继承现实主义文学理论思想,构建具有中国特色的现实主义文学知识体系。

The basic theory of literary realism constitutes an important part of the theory of literature.Starting from the relationship between literature and reality,this article conducts a critical discussion of developing a new model for the poetics of literary criticism as a systematic whole.It first addresses the central question as to what is literary realism,and then examines diachronically and synchronically the key concepts such as reality,mimesis,truth and fiction.It is argued that realist literary theory,with its complexity and abundance,has developed along the paths of cognition,aesthetics,affect and intermediality,thus giving shape to corresponding critical paradigms.New developments of realist literary theories around the world are also covered in the discussion,with an emphasis on the contribution made by Chinese theorists and literary practioners as well.As a conclusion,this article proposes that it is necessary to build on the creative experience of realistic writers from home and abroad,and inherit with critical reservations the theories and philosophies of the realist enterprise,for the purpose of constructing the body of literary realism knowledge with Chinese characteristics.