中老年受雇者健康、工作时间与工资收入——基于慢性病自我保险的视角

Health,Working Hours and Wages of Middle-Aged and Elderly Employees:From the Perspective of Self-Insurance

本文采用2018年CHARLS数据,从理论和经验上论证中老年受雇者以慢性病指标衡量的健康状况与工作时间、工资收入之间的关系。研究结果显示:(1)患慢性病的中老年受雇者会以增加工作时间的方式进行自我保险,但慢性病带来的效率损失会降低工资收入。慢性病增加了中老年家庭的医疗支出负担以及收入不确定性,这是中老年劳动者自我保险的原因。(2)中老年受雇者工作时间、因病损失工作时间的增加挤出了健康投资时间,导致健康恶化。(3)慢性病不仅增加了男性、农业户口、就业不稳定、经济地位较低的中老年受雇者自我保险的需求,而且工作时间的增加又降低了他们的健康水平。总体来说,中老年受雇者通过增加劳动时间的自我保险方式应对健康冲击的效果有限,反而有健康恶化的风险。因此,未来仍需加强社会医疗保障的慢性病管理,同时建立健全中老年就业服务体系。

Based on the CHARLS data in 2018, this paper investigates the relationship between the health status measured by chronic diseases, working hours and wages of middle-aged and elderly employees from both theoretical and empirical aspects. The research finds:(1)The middle-aged and elderly employees with chronic diseases increase their working hours, which is their way of self-insurance. However, the loss of efficiency caused by chronic diseases will lead to a decline in wages. Chronic diseases increase the burden of medical expenditure and income uncertainty, which is the reason for self-insurance.(2)The increase of working hours and its lost time due to illness squeezes out the time of health investment, resulting in health deterioration.(3)Chronic diseases increase the need for self-insurance among middle-aged and elderly employees of male, agricultural residents, unstable employment, and lower economic status, while increased working hours reduce their health status. Generally speaking, the self-insurance of middle-aged and elderly employees by increasing working hours has limited effect on coping with health shock, but has the risk of health deterioration. Therefore, strengthening the chronic disease management of social medical security, and establishing the employment service system for the middle-aged and the elderly are needed in the future.