海洋环境民事公益诉讼中环保组织原告主体资格探析

Qualifications of Environmental Protection Organizations Initiating Civil Public Interest Litigation on the Marine Environment

在我国司法实践中,对于环保组织提起海洋环境民事公益诉讼的原告主体资格,各级各地人民法院基本持否定态度。究其原因,主要是法院对《环境保护法》《海洋环境保护法》《民事诉讼法》三部法律有关条款的解读适用所致。确定环保组织能否获得海洋环境民事公益诉讼原告主体资格,需要对海洋环境利益属性、海洋环境公共利益判定标准、环境民事公益诉讼制度原理、法律条文司法解释等,进行综合分析,以厘清环保组织与海洋环境监督管理部门在海洋环境民事公益诉讼中的诉讼角色、诉权依据与起诉顺位问题。

In Chinese judicial practice,the courts at all levels and in all localities basically deny the qualifications of plaintiffs in civil public interest litigation on the marine environment initiated by environmental protection organizations.The key reason for this lies in the courts’different interpretation and application of the relevant provisions stipulated in the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China,the Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China,and the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China.If an environmental protection organization can serve as the subject of a plaintiff in a civil public interest litigation on the marine environment,it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis from multiple angles on the attributes of marine environmental interests,the criteria for judging the public interest of the marine environment,the principles of the environmental civil public interest litigation system,and the judicial interpretation of legal provisions,so as to clarify the litigation role,the basis of the right of action and the order of the lawsuit in the civil public interest litigation on the marine environment between the environmental protection organization and the marine environment supervision and management department.