藏舞的在地化:城市民族文化的交往、发展及其文化生态壁龛——基于成都市双流区的田野调查

Localization of Tibetan Dance:Communication and Development of Urban Ethnic Culture and its Cultural and Ecological Niche——Based on a Field Investigation in the Shuangliu District of Chengdu

少数民族优秀文化艺术是中华民族文化的瑰宝。伴随着甘孜藏族人口向双流迁移,藏舞由甘孜藏族铭记家乡的“地域性”文化实践,逐步发展为甘孜藏族“跨地域”的民族文化现象,并最终成为多民族共舞的城市文化活动与公共文化事务。藏舞的参与人员、舞姿、功能、内涵等方面均发生了改变,在城市实现了在地化的发展。中华民族内部各民族文化具有相似性的历史文化条件、各民族主动交往的民族关系以及地方政府与各族居民“文化合谋”的现实社会环境,共同建构起藏舞在地化发展的“文化生态壁龛”。新的藏舞是城市各民族文化交往交流交融的现实成果,也是沟通各民族之间的文化实体,对于推动我国基层社区民族团结创建工作及铸牢各民族的中华民族共同体意识具有重要作用。

People can be considered carriers of culture and for that reason population flow may lead to the change and development of culture.In the new era of China,cities have become a place where all ethnic groups interact the most and the ways,conditions,and consequences of these cultural exchanges between different urban ethnic peoples can be worthy of attention.Tibetan dance is known to be an essential part of Tibetan traditional culture.Existing related studies have been focusing on the prevalence of Tibetan dance in cities and discussing the reasons for this phenomenon,but have been neglecting the evolutions in Tibetan dance itself and their impact on urban society.This study tries to answer this question and explores the relationship between Tibetan dances and corresponding cities.With the migration of the Ganzi Tibetan population to Shuangliu,Tibetan dance has gradually developed from a“regional”cultural practice of the Ganzi Tibetans to a“transregional”cultural phenomenon,and finally have become an urban cultural activity and a multi-ethnic dance.The participants,dancing posture,function,and connotation of Tibetan dance have changed,and the localization of Tibetan dance has been realized in this process of“transregional”.Findings show its localization has not only been related to the connotation of ethnic groups traditional culture and the intentions of local cultures but has also been affected by individual identity,value orientation,and policies.This is an inevitable process for ethnic groups traditional culture to avoid marginalization or extinction in urbanization.Several studies have demonstrated that the protection,inheritance,development,and innovation of culture are inseparable from a specific ecological and cultural environment,namely its“cultural and ecological niche”.The historical and cultural conditions of aspects of culture that are shared by ethnic communities in China,the active exchanges between them,and the realistic social environment of“cultural cooperation”between local governments and residents,together these jointly build a“niche”for the localization and development of Tibetan dance.In this“niche”,different factors interact and make Tibetan dance localized to the city and acculturated to a new cultural landscape.This can deepen our understanding of the cultural and ecological environment required for the inheritance and proper development of ethnic peoples traditional culture in cities against the background of large-scale migration and integration of ethnic peoples in the new era.In other words,from research data it can be inferred that ethnic traditional culture can only be inherited when historical and cultural conditions,ethnic relations,the genuine social environments,and other elements are organically organized and interact.Inter-ethnic exchange emphasizes respecting cultural diversity among ethnic groups.This study shows that ethnic people-groups in Shuangliu learn about each other s culture,enhance commonalities,reduce differences,and jointly build a cultural entity of harmony:urban Tibetan dance.It not only functions as a cultural bridge between ethnic groups but also provides a shared spiritual home for them in Shuangliu,acts as a kind of glue for ethnic groups in urban society,and therefore has become quite significant for promoting ethnic unity at the grassroots level of Chinese society.