基层治理数字化:存在的问题及转型方向

Digitalization of Grassroots Governance:Issues and Transformation Direction

数字技术给基层治理带来了机遇和挑战。实践中,基层治理数字化转型的主要做法是在乡镇或行政村建立信息平台,但居民通过平台参与治理的机会受到限制。评价基层治理数字化转型的有效性和必要性需权衡成本和收益。基层治理利用数字技术后一定是节约了政府人财物力,为社区提供了更多公共服务,居民生活更满意,社会更稳定,当地经济发展能力提高等。相反,如果数字技术只是方便建立一个行政管理信息系统,在基层治理中的效果一般,应用和推广高端设备、复杂系统的数字技术就没有必要。基层治理数字化转型的重点应在县一级,县一级政府应针对教育、医疗资源在城乡和地区之间分布不均衡问题建立教育、医疗资源共享平台;针对低收入人群的脆弱性建立相应的监测平台;针对人口老龄化日趋严重的问题建立有基层政府、自治组织、居民、企业家、志愿者多方参与的养老服务平台。

Digital technologies bring both opportunities and challenges to the grassroots governance.The main approach of digital transformation of grassroots governance in practice is building information platform in the township government or administrative village.The contents of information platform are not open to the public and residents’chances of governance participation are limited.When evaluating the effectiveness and necessity of digital transformation of grassroots governance,the cost and benefit must be traded off.The digital technologies can only be used in grassroots governance if the government’s human,material and financial resources are saved,more public goods is provided for the community,residents are more satisfied with their lives,the society is more stable,and the economic development potentiality is improved.On the contrary,it is unnecessary to applicate and promote digital technologies of high-end equipment and complicated system if these technologies are used to build an administrative system for easy control.The priority of digital transformation of grassroots governance is on the county government.The digital transformation of governance in the county government is not to build a synthetic data management center,but to build an educational and a medical resource sharing platform due to unequal distribution of these resources between the urban and rural areas and among regions,to build a monitoring platform for low-income population due to their vulnerability,to build platforms of service for the aged due to the severe aging situation with multiparty participation by grassroots governments,self-governance organizations,residents,entrepreneurs,and volunteers.