《资本论》的“抽象力”何以可能

How the "Abstract Power" of Das Kapital is Possible

《资本论》的“抽象力”是“研究方法”和“叙述方法”的内在统一,它不仅彰显了《资本论》的“科学性”,而且集中体现了其辩证法、逻辑学和认识论的“三者一致”。马克思的“研究方法”是思维认识“现实的运动”的方法,即“从具体到抽象,再从抽象上升到具体”;“叙述方法”是思维以适当的形式叙述和再现“现实的运动”的方法,即“从抽象上升到具体”;两种方法是内在统一的、一体的,是“逻辑先在性”关系。两种方法的内在统一,或者历史唯物主义与辩证方法的内在统一,使“唯物辩证法”成为可能。《资本论》的方法不仅是作为方法论和认识论的辩证法,而且是唯物主义历史观。所以,《资本论》的“抽象力”是超越古典政治经济学“粗俗的经验主义”和黑格尔“无人身理性运动”的“抽象力”,它不仅赋予《资本论》研究以客观态度,再现了资本主义“现实的运动”,而且“为未来的食堂开出调味单”,体现了马克思“毕生的真正使命”。

The "abstract power" of Das Kapital is the internal unity of "research method" and "narrative method".It not only highlights the "scientific nature" of Das Kapital,but also embodies the "three consistency" of dialectics,logic and epistemology in Das Kapital.Marx’s "research method" is the method of thinking to understand the "movement of reality",that is, "from concrete to abstract,and then from abstract to concrete";"Narrative method" is the method by which thinking narrates and reproduces "the movement of reality" in an appropriate form,that is, "from abstract to concrete";The two methods are intrinsically unified and integrated,and the relationship of them is "logic before nature".The internal unity of the two methods,or the internal unity of historical materialism and dialectical methods,makes "materialist dialectics" possible.The method of Das Kapital is not only a dialectic as methodology and epistemology,but also a materialistic view of history.So,the "abstract power" of Das Kapital beyond the "abstract power" of classical political economics which is "vulgar empiricism" and Hegel’s "abstract power" which is "no personal rational movement",not only endows Das Kapital studies with objective attitude,recreates the capitalism "realistic movement",but also "Makes a menu for future dining halls",which embodies Marx’s "real mission in life".