中国钢铁工业绿色发展回顾及展望

Review and prospect of green development for Chinese steel industry

钢铁工业绿色发展是推动钢铁行业转型升级、实现可持续发展的重要途径。中国钢铁工业绿色发展经历了末端治理、清洁生产、生态工业、循环经济4个阶段。在相关政策指导下,钢铁工业推广应用了干熄焦、高炉富氧喷煤、连铸坯热送热装等技术,开展了超低排放改造、清洁生产试点示范、生态工业示范园区、循环经济示范点等工作。围绕钢铁制造流程的“产品制造、能源转换、废弃物消纳-处理-再资源化”3大功能,钢铁工业绿色发展已取得巨大进步。吨钢综合能耗(以标准煤计)从1981年的1.93 t/t下降至2020年的0.55 t/t,降幅为71.8%;吨钢颗粒污染物、SO_(2)排放量分别由2000年的6.77 kg/t、5.56 kg/t下降至2020年0.36 kg/t、0.30 kg/t,降幅分别为94.7%、94.6%;吨钢NO_(x)排放量由2007年的1.68 kg/t下降至2020年0.87 kg/t,降幅为48.2%;吨钢化学需氧量排放量由2000年的0.99 kg/t下降至2017年0.02 kg/t,降幅为98.2%;钢铁渣利用率自2005年以来一直高于90%;吨钢新水消耗量由2000年的25.24 m3/t下降至2020年的2.45 m3/t,降幅为90.3%。未来,随着钢铁制造流程3大功能的演化,钢铁工业绿色发展将向着低碳化、绿色化、智能化方向推进,通过研发推广应用全废钢电炉短流程、氢还原、非高炉炼铁、CCUS等一批绿色低碳技术和钢铁生产、企业决策等领域的智能化技术,可实现钢铁工业高质量、可持续发展。

The green development of steel industry is an important way to promote the transformation and upgrading of steel industry and achieve sustainable development. The green development of Chinese steel industry has gone through four stages: end-of-pipe treatment, clean production, ecological industry and circular economy. Under the guidance of policies related to the green development of the steel industry, the steel industry has promoted and applied technologies such as coke dry quenching, oxygen-enriched coal injection in blast furnaces, hot feeding and hot loading of continuous casting billets, and carried out ultra-low emission renovation, pilot demonstration of clean production, eco-industrial demonstration parks, and circular economy demonstration sites. The green development of steel industry has made great progress around the three functions of steel manufacturing process: steel product manufacturing, energy conversion, waste treatment and recycling.The specific energy consumption per ton of steel(measured by coal equivalents) decreased by 71.8% from 1.93 t/t in 1981 to 0.55 t/t in 2020;the emissions of particulate pollutant and SO_(2)per ton of steel decreased from 6.77 kg/t and 5.56 kg/t in 2000 to 0.36 kg/t and 0.30 kg/t in 2020,with a decrease of 94.7% and 94.6%,respectively. The NO_(x)emissions per ton of steel decreased from 1.68 kg/t in 2007 to 0.87 kg/t in 2020,with a decrease of 48.2%. The chemical oxygen demand emissions per ton of steel decreased from 0.99 kg/t in 2000 to 0.02 kg/t in 2017,with a decrease of 98.2%. The utilization rate of BF slag and BOF slag has been higher than 90% since 2005. Fresh water consumption per ton of steel decreased by 90.3% from 25.24 m~3/t in 2000 to 2.45 m~3/t in 2020. In the future, with the evolution of the three functions of steel manufacturing process, the green development of steel industry will be promoted in the direction of low carbonization, greenization and intelligence. Through the research and application of a batch of green low carbon technologies such as short process of fully scrap-EAF,hydrogen reduction, non-blast furnace ironmaking, CCUS and intelligent technologies in steel production and enterprise decision-making, the high-quality development of steel industry will be realized.