洪江与华宁冰糖橙果实大小差异成因分析

Causes analysis of the fruit size variation of ‘Bingtang’ sweet orange(Citrus sinensis(L.) Osbeck) between Hongjiang and Huaning area

以湖南洪江市和云南华宁县冰糖橙果实为材料,比较分析了2个产区冰糖橙外在品质特征和产地气候特征。结果表明:华宁冰糖橙平均单果质量(147.56~159.80 g)显著大于洪江冰糖橙的单果质量(106.68~109.41 g),果实横径、纵径也均显著大于洪江冰糖橙的;2个产区果实囊瓣数和单个囊瓣内汁胞数无明显差异;华宁冰糖橙单个汁胞体积为22.07 mm^(3),显著大于洪江冰糖橙的(16.62 mm^(3));环境条件比较显示,2个产区年均温和年积温无明显差异;湖南怀化地区平均年降水量达1450.3mm,4—7月中旬量大,降水集中在冰糖橙果实细胞分裂末期和果实膨大初期,水分利用效率约1.23kg/((667m^(2))·mm);云南玉溪地区平均年降水量1032.1mm,7—9月降水量较大,降水集中在果实膨大期,水分利用效率约为3.78 kg/((667 m^(2))·mm);云南玉溪地区物候期整体上比洪江早1个月,果实发育时间也较洪江长1个月左右。综上,华宁产区周年温度条件相对稳定,枝梢和果实发育期长,膨大期供水充足,单个汁胞体积膨大较充分,有利于华宁冰糖橙大果的形成。

Basing on fruit size difference of ‘Bingtang’ sweet orange(Citrus sinensis(L.) Osbeck) planting in Hongjiang City, Hunan Province and Huaning County, Yunnan Province, the extrinsic qualities and regional climate were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the fresh fruit mass was 147.56 to 159.80 g/fruit in Huaning, which was significantly bigger than that of 106.68 to 109.41 g/fruit in Hongjiang. Along with the bigger fresh fruit mass, fruit diameter of Huaning was significantly larger. Further analysis revealed that amounts of both fruit segments and juice sacs in one segment exhibited no significant difference between the two areas. However, the single juice sac volume of Huaning ‘Bingtang’ sweet orange was 22.07 mm^(3), significantly bigger than 16.62 mm^(3) of Hongjiang ‘Bingtang’ sweet orange. Comparison of environmental conditions showed that there was no significant difference in the annually average temperature and annually accumulated temperature between the two areas. The annual rainfall in Huaihua area reached 1450.3 mm, with heavy rainfall from April to middle July when was at the end stage of fruit cell division and the early stage of fruit enlargement. That resulted in a water use efficiency of approximate 1.23 kg/m^(3). Yuxi area had an annual rainfall of 1032.1 mm and greater rainfall from July to September when the fruit was at enlargement stage with a water use efficiency of approximately 3.78 kg/(667 m^(2))·mm. Additionally, the overall phenological period was about a month earlier in Huaning than that in Hongjiang, and the fruit developing period was also about a month longer than that of Hongjiang. In conclusion, three reasons, the stabler annual temperature, the longer shoot and fruit development periods and the increased juice sacs size with adequate water supply at enlargement stage were closely related to the bigger fruit size of ‘Bingtang’ sweet orange in Huaning area.