基于遥感数据的闽东南山区公路滑坡快速识别技术研究

Research on rapid identification technology of highway landslide in mountainous areas of southeast Fujian based on remote sensing data

传统的滑坡识别主要通过遥感目视解译和人机交互识别,存在耗时费力、主观性强和提取精度低等问题。文中以福建省某公路为实验区,提出了一种基于高分辨率遥感数据的闽东南山区公路滑坡快速识别方法。包括采用亚米级高分辨率遥感影像,通过对色调、地形、光谱、植被指数和纹理等滑坡特征进行分析与研究,确立了适用于东南山区公路的多维多尺度滑坡分类识别规则;借助机器学习算法分类工具与多维多尺度特征筛选集相结合构建了公路滑坡识别模型,并基于高分辨率遥感影像在色调尺度上对滑坡进行初步识别;最后经由坡度、归一化植被指数和纹理特征筛选集对初步识别的滑坡区域进一步的分割提取,从而对山区公路滑坡空间分布实行精准识别。经实验验证,文中方法所得滑坡识别的平均精度达到85.73%,且滑体提取形态特征完整,可清晰地展现出滑体的“舌”、“簸箕”状形态,亦可清晰辨别滑体的滑壁与堆积体。研究成果可为我国植被发育区的山区交通线路的滑坡识别与风险评估提供科学参考。

The traditional landslide identification is mainly through remote sensing visual interpretation and human-computer interaction identification,which has the problems of time-consuming and laborious,subjective and low extraction accuracy.In this paper,a highway in Fujian Province is taken as the experimental area,and a rapid landslide identification method based on high-resolution remote sensing data for mountainous roads in southeast Fujian is proposed.Firstly,by analyzing and studying landslide features such as hue,topography,spectrum,vegetation index and texture using sub-meter high-resolution remote sensing images,the multi-dimensional multi-scale landslide classification and identification rules applicable to the mountainous roads in southeast Fujian are established.Secondly,a road landslide identification model is constructed by combining the classification tool of machine learning algorithm with the multi-dimensional multi-scale feature screening set,and the preliminary identification of landslides based on high-resolution remote sensing images in terms of hue.Finally,the landslides are further segmented and extracted by slope,normalized vegetation index and texture feature screening set,so as to accurately identify the spatial distribution of landslides on mountainous roads.The average accuracy of landslide identification by this method reaches 85.73%,and the morphological features extracted from the landslides are complete,which can clearly show the"tongue"and"dustpan"shape of the landslides,and also clearly identify the slide walls and piles of the landslides.The research results can provide scientific reference for landslide identification and risk assessment of mountainous traffic routes in vegetation development areas in China.