考虑用户动态充电需求的电动汽车充电站规划

Electric Vehicle Charging Station Planning Considering Users′ Dynamic Charging Demand

为提高电动汽车(EV)充电站规划布局的合理性,避免出现投资高、效率低的局面,提出一种考虑用户动态充电需求的电动汽车充电站规划方法。首先,利用出行链理论和起止点(OD)矩阵得到用户出行起讫点,构建交通拥堵状况随时间变化的动态交通路网模型,并改进Dijkstra算法规划EV行驶路径,考虑环境温度和车速实时变化对单位里程功耗的影响,建立考虑用户动态充电需求的充电站选择模型;其次,采用M/M/c排队论方法对充电站进行容量配置,以充电站建设运维成本和EV用户经济损失(包括时间损失和电量损耗)之和最小为目标函数,建立充电站规划模型;最后,以某市主城区部分实际道路情况为规划区域,通过迭代排列寻优并结合粒子群算法对模型求解。结果表明:区域内规划的6座充电站位置分布均匀,减少了用户充电路途成本,且充电桩最优配置数在保证充电满意度的同时使充电站总经济成本最低,所提规划方法合理有效。

In order to improve the rationality of the planning and layout of electric vehicle(EV) charging stations and avoid the situation of high investment and low efficiency, a planning method of EV charging station that considered users′ dynamic charging demand was proposed. Firstly, the starting and ending points of user were obtained by using the travel theory, start and end point(origin-destination, OD) matrix method;a dynamic traffic road network model with time-varying traffic congestion was constructed. The Dijkstra algorithm was improved to plan the EV travel path, considering the real-time changes of ambient temperature and vehicle speed. Based on the influence of mileage and power consumption, a charging station selection model considering the dynamic charging needs of users was established;then, the M/M/c queuing theory method was used to configure the capacity of charging stations. The cost of construction, operation and maintenance of charging stations and the economic losses of EV users(including the sum of time loss and power loss) was minimized as the objective function, and a charging station planning model was established. Finally, taking the actual road conditions in the main urban area of a city as the planning area, the model was solved by iterative arrangement optimization combined with particle swarm algorithm. The results showed that the locations of the six planned charging stations in the area were evenly distributed, which could reduce the cost of users′ charging journeys. And the optimal configuration number of charging piles could ensure charging satisfaction while minimizing the total economic cost of charging stations. The proposed planning method was reasonable and effective.