贸易开放、境内运输成本与进口供应链

Trade Opening,Domestic Transportation Costs and Import Supply Chains

地理大国的交通基础设施建设有利于降低境内运输成本,从而促使企业在贸易开放的环境下更好地参与国际贸易。本文基于关税、高速公路与进口供应链,从一般贸易企业的进口投入品方面分析了境内运输成本下降对贸易开放的放大作用,并通过构建理论模型阐述了关税下降对进口供应链分散度的具体影响渠道,论证了高速公路对关税下降效应的放大作用。研究结果表明:关税下降和高速公路开通均能提高企业的进口产品分散度和进口来源地分散度;高速公路开通对关税下降效应存在显著的正向影响;对于进口供应链稳定性依赖度高、交通运输依赖度高的企业来说,放大效应更明显。

The development of transportation infrastructure in geographically large countries facilitates the reduction of intrastate transportation costs,which leads to better participation of firms in international trade under the trade opening.Based on tariffs,expressways,and import supply chains,this article analyzed the amplifying effect of the decline in domestic transportation costs on trade opening from the perspective of imported inputs of general trading companies.By constructing a theoretical model,this paper illustrated the specific channels of influence of tariff decline on import supply chain dispersion and argues for the amplifying effect of highways on the effect of tariff decline.The results of the empirical analysis show that:1)the decrease of tariff and the opening of expressway can increase the dispersion of imported products and the dispersion of import sources of enterprises;2)the opening of expressway is positive to the effect of tariff-decrease;3)the further analysis of influence mechanism shows that this amplifying effect is more obvious for enterprises with high dependence on import supply chain stability and transportation.