壁垒还是机会:强制性标准与制造业企业中间品进口

Barriers or Opportunities:Mandatory Standards and Manufacturing Firms’Imports of Intermediate Goods

本文基于2002—2011年中国企业数据、国家标准题录和全球技术性贸易壁垒通报,提出细化匹配国际标准分类与国民经济行业分类的新方法,实证考察了中国实施的强制性标准对国内制造业企业中间品进口的影响。研究发现:强制性标准并未构成中间品进口壁垒,反而显著提升了企业的中间品进口额,其实现机制是通过扩张国内市场、改善资源配置效率和促进临界企业追赶,主要体现在持续进口企业的集约边际和进口来源国扩展边际上;从异质性来看,企业所在行业的可标准化程度或标准国际化程度越低,强制性标准对企业中间品进口额的提升作用就越小;除进口额外,强制性标准还提升了企业的中间品进口质量。

Based on China’s firm-level data,national standards bibliography and global technical barriers to trade notifications during 2002-2011,this paper proposed an improved method to match the international classification of standards and the national economic industry classification in details,and empirically investigated the effect of China’s mandatory standards on domestic manufacturing firms’imports of intermediate goods.The result shows that mandatory standards do not function as barriers for the imports of intermediate goods,but significantly increase firms’import value of intermediate goods,through the channels of domestic market expansion,resource allocation efficiency improvement,and critical firms’catching up behaviors.This effect is mainly reflected in both the intensive margin and the source place extensive margin of firms that continue to import.From the perspective of heterogeneity,the lower the potential or the internationalization level of standards in an industry,the smaller the effect of mandatory standards on promoting firms’imports of intermediate goods in it.Besides the import value,mandatory standards also improve firms’import quality of intermediate goods.