循证教育研究辩护:限度及其突破

The Defense of Evidence-based Educational Research:Limits and Breakthroughs

循证教育研究对基于事实揭示教育规律、提升教育研究的科学性、基于证据制定科学合理的教育政策、促进教育改革是不可或缺的。制约循证教育研究进一步发展的限度有三重:一是研究目的上倾向于片面地以“有效性”为最大追求,难以回答教育中的价值问题;二是研究方法上易陷入纯粹的技术主义与应用的取向;三是研究结果上“证明”多于“创造”,各相关方在教条化的框架中出现惰性,反被“证据”制约。要突破循证教育研究的限度,首先应从横向上追问“证据”之于教育研究的概念原点,让价值在技术之上、“求用”的同时也“求真”;其次,应从纵向上回溯相关教育思想史渊源,不仅关注“证据”、更要关注“证据”背后真切的时代背景与具体的教育问题,化解“客观证据”与“意识形态”的矛盾;最后,应反思“教育”与“证据”的关系,促进循证教育研究与其它研究范式与方法的结合,从机械循证到自主循证,唤醒沉睡在教条主义中的循证教育研究。

Evidence-based educational research is indispensable for revealing the principles of education based on facts,enhancing the scientific nature of educational research,formulating scientific and rational educational policies based on evidence,and promoting educational reform.There are three limitations to the further development of evidence-based educational research,which are:(1)the tendency to unilaterally pursue“validity”as the greatest goal of research,which makes it difficult to answer questions regarding value in education;(2)the tendency to fall into a purely technocratic and applied orientation in research methods;and(3)the tendency to“prove”rather than“create”research results.To break through the limits of evidence-based educational research,we should first pursue the origin of the concept of“evidence”from the horizontal level related to educational research,and make the value on the technology,“seek usefulness”and“seek truth”.Secondly,we should trace it back vertically to the history of related educational thoughts,paying attention to not only“evidence”,but also the background of the times and specific educational issues behind the evidence,so as to resolve the contradictions between“objective evidence”and“ideology”.Finally,we should reflect on the relationship between“education”and“evidence”,and combine evidence-based educational research and other research paradigms and methods,transit from mechanical evidence-based to independent evidence-based,and free evidence-based educational research from the trap of dogmatism.