试论齐家文化尕马台类型

Discussion on the Gamatai Type of Qijia Culture

齐家文化是中国西北地区先秦时期一支十分重要的考古学文化。以尕马台、宗日、高渠顶等遗址为代表的齐家文化遗存,分布于黄河上游共和盆地及周边,在与其他地区齐家文化面貌总体特征保持一致的基础上,又具有自身独特之处,这种大同小异应当是文化内部的地域性差异。该地区分布的齐家文化遗存当属于齐家文化的一个地方类型,可称之为“尕马台类型”。其年代跨度较大,以高渠顶遗址为代表的遗存不晚于齐家文化中期,并有可能进入到齐家文化早期晚段,上限在公元前2100年左右。以尕马台遗址和宗日遗址为代表的遗存年代较晚,属于齐家文化中晚期。齐家文化尕马台类型的形成应是东部地区齐家文化向西扩张并融合了部分土著因素的产物,去向暂时不明。

Qijia Culture is one of the very important archaeological cultures of Pre-Qin period in Northwest China. Qijia Culture sites, represented by the sites of Gamatai, Zongri, and Gaoquding, and located in the upper reach of the Yellow River Basin, Gonghe Basin and the nearby regions, contained the same characteristics in terms of the cultural landscape as those in the other areas, but preserving their own uniqueness. This phenomenon can be attributed to the regional difference. The Qijia remains of the studied area can be classified as a regional type of Qijia Culture, referred to as Gamatai Type. The remains, represented by Gaoquding Site, were dated no later than the Middle Qijia Culture, and even the Late Phase of the Early Qijia Culture, with a large chronological span, dating to 2100 BC. By comparison, the sites represented by Gamatai and Zongri belonged to the Middle or the Late Qijia Culture. The formation of Gamatai Type could be attributed to the diffusion process of Qijia Culture in the East to the west. The evolution of the Gamatai Type in its later period is still unclear.