股骨颈动力交叉钉系统内固定治疗股骨颈骨折术后早期股骨头坏死的危险因素分析

Risk factors for osteonecrosis of femoral head after femoral neck fracture fixation with femoral neck system

目的 探讨股骨颈动力交叉钉系统(femoral neck system,FNS)内固定治疗股骨颈骨折术后早期股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of the femoral head,ONFH)的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月—2021年2月收治的179例(182髋)采用FNS内固定治疗的股骨颈骨折患者临床资料。男96例,女83例;年龄20~59岁,平均53.7岁;低能量致伤106例,高能量致伤73例。骨折Garden分型:Ⅱ型40髋,Ⅲ型78髋,Ⅳ型64髋。Pauwels分型:Ⅰ型23髋,Ⅱ型66髋,Ⅲ型93髋。术前合并糖尿病21例。根据末次随访时有无ONFH,将患者分为坏死组和未坏死组,对两组年龄、性别、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、致伤机制、术前骨密度、术前合并糖尿病、骨折Pauwels分型、Garden分型、股骨头后倾角、骨折复位质量、内固定物取出与否进行单因素分析,初步筛选ONFH发生的影响因素;对有统计学意义的因素进一步采用logistic回归进行多因素分析,筛选危险因素。结果 179例(182髋)患者术后获随访20~34个月,平均26.5个月。其中30例(30髋)于术后9~30个月发生ONFH(坏死组),ONFH发生率为16.48%。149例(152髋)末次随访时未发生ONFH(未坏死组)。单因素分析示,两组术前骨密度、术前合并糖尿病、骨折Garden分型、股骨头后倾角、骨折复位质量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);进一步多因素分析示,GardenⅣ型骨折、骨折复位质量Ⅲ级、股骨头后倾角>15°、术前合并糖尿病为FNS内固定术后发生ONFH的危险因素。结论 对于GardenⅣ型骨折、骨折复位质量不佳、股骨头后倾角>15°、术前合并糖尿病患者,FNS内固定术后ONFH发生风险增高。

Objective To explore the risk factors for osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH) after treatment of femoral neck fractures with femoral neck system(FNS). Methods Between January 2020 and February 2021, 179 patients(182 hips) with femoral neck fractures treated by FNS fixation were selected for retrospective analysis. There were 96males and 83 females with an average age of 53.7 years(range, 20-59 years). There were 106 cases of low-energy-induced injury and 73 cases of high-energy-induced injury. The fractures were classified as type Ⅱ in 40 hips, type Ⅲ in 78 hips,and type Ⅳ in 64 hips according to Garden classification standard, and as typeⅠin 23 hips, type Ⅱ in 66 hips, and type Ⅲ in 93 hips according to Pauwels classification standard. There were 21 patients with diabetes. Patients were divided into ONFH group and non-ONFH group according to whether ONFH occurred at last follow-up. The data of the patients were collected, including age, gender, body mass index(BMI), trauma mechanism, bone mineral density, having diabetes or not, Garden classification and Pauwels classification of fractures, fracture reduction quality, femoral head retroversion angle, and removal of internal fixator or not. The above factors were analyzed by univariate analysis, and then multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors. Results Total 179 patients(182 hips) were followed up 20-34months(mean, 26.5 months). Of these, 30 cases(30 hips) developed ONFH at 9-30 months after operation(ONFH group), and the incidence of ONFH was 16.48%. And 149 cases(152 hips) had no ONFH at last follow-up(non-ONFH group). The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between groups in bone mineral density,having diabetes or not, Garden classification, femoral head retroversion angle, and fracture reduction quality(P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the Garden type Ⅳ fracture, reduction quality of grading Ⅲ,femoral head retroversion angle >15°, complicated with diabetes were the risk factors for ONFH after FNS fixation(P<0.05). Conclusion For the patients with Garden type Ⅳ fracture, poor quality of fracture reduction, femoral head retroversion angle >15°, and diabetes, the risk of ONFH after FNS fixation increases.