东盟国家对AUKUS的认知与反应——“小多边”与区域多边的张力

ASEAN’s Perceptions of and Responses to AUKUS:Tension between Minilateralism and Regional Multilateralism

作为拜登政府重构“印太”乃至全球联盟体系的一部分,澳英美三边安全伙伴关系(AUKUS)的建立进一步强化了美国主导的“小多边”安全合作对区域安全态势的影响。AUKUS代表的美式跨区域“安全小多边”与东盟代表的东南亚本区域多边存在明显的规范竞争。这主要体现为美国主导的基于同族身份的封闭性“小多边”军事安全合作及其依托的竞争性区域架构与东盟主导的区域多边合作“东盟方式”和“和平、自由与中立区愿景”及其包容性区域架构之间的张力。作为“安全小多边”,AUKUS的功能性和灵活性指向是对东盟中心地位的解构,而并非其所宣称的有利于维护东盟中心地位。东盟及其成员国对AUKUS的认知与反应为上述论断提供了有力佐证。这种张力对AUKUS的区域合法性及区域安全造成多重影响。

As part of the Biden administration’s reconstruction of the Indo-Pacific and even the global alliance system,the establishment of AUKUS further strengthens the influence of the U.S.-led minilateral security cooperation on regional security.Based on the regional,trans-regional,and global classification of“economic minilateralism”and“security minilateralism,”there is a significant normative competitive relationship between the American transregional security minilateralism represented by AUKUS and the local regional multilateralism in Southeast Asia represented by ASEAN.It is mainly reflected in the tension between the U.S.-led minilateral military security cooperation based on ethnic identity and the competitive regional architecture it relies on and the ASEAN-led regional multilateral cooperation and its ASEAN Way,ZOPFAN,and the inclusive regional architecture.This determines that as a security minilateralism,AUKUS’s functionality and flexibility point to the deconstruction of ASEAN centrality,rather than“conducive to maintaining ASEAN centrality”claimed by AUKUS.The cognition and reaction of ASEAN and its member states to AUKUS provide strong evidence for the above conclusion,and this tension will certainly have multiple impacts on the regional legitimacy of AUKUS and the overall regional security.