从巴基斯坦“新民族”现象解读跨界民族身份认同

Interpreting Transboundary Ethnic Identity from the Perspective of Pakistan’s“New Nation”Phenomenon

巴基斯坦“新民族”的形成与阿富汗难民问题息息相关。随着阿富汗政局逐渐平稳,陆续有难民回归,但是仍有大量人员不愿意离开巴基斯坦。其主要是因为阿富汗的条件无法完全保证和平生活,以及缺乏经济机会。阿富汗难民在巴基斯坦生活了二十多年,新一代的阿富汗人在一个全新的环境中长大,特别是在巴基斯坦出生和长大的孩子,他们认为自己更多的是巴基斯坦社会的一部分。巴基斯坦“新民族”逐渐形成。“新民族”的诞生也引发了其他许多社会问题,尤其是难民们对阿巴两国的国家以及民族身份认同等问题。跨界民族的身份认同问题十分敏感,极易引发跨国安全问题,是对中南亚地区安全的极大隐患,其唯一可行的解决之道,只能是国际社会各方共同努力,减少难民数量,帮助阿富汗尽快实现战后重建工作,维护好良性的国内生存环境,以此来实现难民的遣返,进而在最大程度上实现中南亚地区的和平与稳定。

The formation of the“New Nation”is closely related to the Afghan refugee issue.As Afghanistan becomes more stable,refugees are returning home,but a large number are still reluctant to leave Pakistan,mainly because Afghanistan cannot fully guarantee a peaceful life and lack of economic opportunities.Many Afghan refugees have been living in Pakistan for decades,and a new generation is growing up in a completely new environment,especially children born and raised in Pakistan who regard themselves as a part of Pakistani society.Thus,the“New Nation”of Pakistan gradually took shape.The“New Nation”has also caused many other social problems,especially the refugees’identity in two countries.The identity of transboundary ethnic groups is very sensitive,which easily poses transnational security problems.The only viable solution is that the international community make joint efforts to reduce the number of refugees,help Afghanistan realize postwar reconstruction as soon as possible,maintain a benign domestic living environment for the refugees’repatriation,and safeguard regional security to the greatest extent possible.