开发区“以升促建”如何影响城市碳生产率

How Does the“Promotion of Construction by Upgrading”of Development Zones Affect Urban Carbon Productivity?

如何让产业政策更有效是在“双碳”约束下实现绿色低碳发展的关键。本文使用城市和企业污染数据,采用DID和合成DID方法研究了省级开发区升格对城市碳生产率的影响。研究发现:(1)开发区升格提升了城市碳生产率,该结论在一系列稳健性检验中均成立;(2)开发区升格后严格的环境规制、营商环境的优化以及扶持力度的增加通过实现强市场、降错配、调投入、提创新、促转型提升了碳生产率。而上述效应源于更严格的考核激励、地方干扰的减少、政策制定权的下放以及产业政策集中供给的“优补效应”;(3)开发区升格更多地提升了中西部和工业依赖城市的碳生产率。本文为如何用好产业政策实现“双碳”目标下社会经济的高质量发展提供了有益借鉴。

Optimising the supply of industrial policies is key to achieving green,low-carbon and high-quality development under the“dual carbon”constraint.This paper uses pollution data from cities and enterprises and adopts the difference-in-differences(DID)and the synthetic difference-indifferences(SDID)techniques to study the impact of upgrading provincial development zones on urban carbon productivity.The study finds the following:(1)Upgrading development zones improves the carbon productivity of cities.This conclusion is established in a series of robustness tests.(2)Following the improvement of the development zone,strict environmental regulations,optimisation of the business environment and increased support have achieved the goal of strengthening the market,reducing mismatches,adjusting the input element structure,enhancing innovation,promoting transformation,and improving carbon productivity.The above effects originate from stricter evaluation and incentivisation,a reduction in local interference,a decentralisation of policy-making power,and the“preferential compensation effect”of centralised provision of industrial policies.(3)Upgrading development zones further increases the carbon productivity of the Midwest and industry-dependent cities.This paper provides a useful reference on how to make good use of industrial policies to achieve high-quality social and economic development under the“dual carbon”goal.