如何认识马克思政治哲学与西方规范性政治哲学的不同?

How to Recognize the Difference between Marxist Political Philosophy and Western Normative Political Philosophy?

马克思虽然在多种情况下对有关权利、平等、公正等的规范性话语予以了批判,但在其理论中却蕴含着丰富而深刻的、支持规范性判断的政治哲学思想。然而,与霍布斯、洛克、休谟、卢梭、康德等政治哲学家相比,马克思是在特定的语境下、以特定的方式、从特定的思想层面来把握政治哲学问题的。不管就立论方式而言还是就思想界面来说,马克思政治哲学与西方规范性政治哲学都存在不可同日而语的重大不同。只有充分地认识到这种不同,而不是将西方规范性政治哲学作为绝对标准,才能够建构起符合马克思的理论要求与思想追求的“马克思政治哲学”,也才能够对西方规范性政治哲学作出更加全面的评价。

Although Marx criticized the normative discourse of rights, equality and justice in many cases, his theory contains rich and profound political philosophical thoughts that support normative judgment.However, compared with Hobbes, Locke, Hume, Rousseau and Kant, Marx grasped political philosophy in a specific context, in a specific way and from a specific level. There are significant differences between Marxist political philosophy and western normative political philosophy, no matter in terms of the way of argumentation or level of thought. Only by fully recognizing these differences rather than taking the western normative political philosophy as the absolute standard, can we construct the “Marxist political philosophy” in line with Marx’s theoretical requirement and pursuit, and can we make a more comprehensive evaluation of the western normative political philosophy.