中欧文明互鉴视野下儒学初传译介策略及其当代启示

The Early Translation Strategies of Confucian Classics and Their Modern Values for the Sino-European Intellectual Communication

儒家经典最初如何走进欧洲社会视野,不仅是百年来中欧哲学交流史研究的关键问题,也对当前构建人类命运共同体背景下促进中国传统优秀核心价值观海外译介与传播具有重要启示意义。从儒学初传的历史背景看,波塞维诺印本所收录的罗明坚拉丁文手稿乃是首次呈现于欧洲社会的译本形态。然而,通过拉丁原文语境的分析可以发现,波塞维诺印本与罗明坚原稿存在重要的译介策略的分歧。罗明坚译稿展示出“儒耶协同”的诠释倾向,而波塞维诺印本则有较明显的“援儒入耶”的译介立场。两种译介策略的差别不仅仅是术语文法层面的分别,更透露出儒学首次进入欧洲视野时西方基督教神学传统的复杂应对心态与诠释方式。然而,无论罗明坚的“儒耶协同”还是波塞维诺的“援儒入耶”,这两种诠释方案均对当前中华经典外译事业具有重要镜鉴价值,即文化传播需要首先考虑异域读者信仰心态并进行处境化语境转型,在此基础上凸显儒家核心价值观并潜移默化地产生信仰共鸣,继而推进中国传统信仰价值在海外的深层次传播与文化认同。

The issue of how the Confucian classics engaged into the European society has long been a bone of contention since last century,as it is also of great significance for understanding the approach to promoting Confucian core values to European societies.A traditional interpretation by Knud Lundb?k argues that the first paragraph of Humanae institutionis,published by Antonio Possevino,was the earliest circulation of the Latin version of Confucian classics in Europe.However,along with Pasquale M.D ’Elia’s discovery of the Latin manuscript in the Biblioteca Nazionale V.Emanuele Ⅱ di Roma,the relationship between the two manuscripts becomes a rising issue.By exploring the translation strategies and the original theological context,I argue that Antonio Possevino offers a strategy of involving Confucianism into theology" which differ significantly with Michele Ruggieri’s position of " Confucian-Christian Synthesis".However,both translation strategies are useful for our modern translation projects.I would suggest that the translation should consider the audience’s belief and reading psychology first,thus,the contextualization of terminology and concepts becomes a necessary step.This approach does not denote a reducing of the fundamental principles and implicit conditions of Confucian classics,but,instead,it strengthens the expression of the core values for promoting belief consensus and cultural communication between China and Europe.