微小RNA在酒精使用障碍中的研究进展

Research progress of MicroRNA in alcohol use disorders

酒精使用障碍是一种由于长时间饮酒导致的慢性复发性精神疾病,包括酒精滥用和酒精依赖,是重要的公共卫生问题。微小RNA(miRNA)是一类长度约为21~23个核苷酸的非编码RNA,主要参与mRNA的稳定以及翻译水平的调节。酒精暴露是酒精使用障碍最为核心的危险因素,近年来,在临床、动物及细胞研究中均表明,酒精暴露使血清、脑区及细胞中的miRNA表达水平发生变化。也有研究表明,miRNA多态性及与miRNA合成相关的基因的多态性和酒精使用障碍密切相关。本文综述了近年来miRNA在酒精使用障碍中的研究进展,以期阐明其在酒精使用障碍发生发展中的作用机制,为探明酒精使用障碍新的治疗靶点提供参考。

Alcohol use disorders is chronic recurrent mental diseases caused by long-term drinking,including alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.It is an important public health problem.MicroRNA(miRNA)is a kind of noncoding RNA with a length of 21-23 nucleotide.It is mainly involved in the stability of mRNA and the regulation of translation level.Alcohol exposure is the core risk factor of alcohol use disorder.In recent years,clinical,animal and cellular studies have shown that alcohol exposure changes the expression level of miRNA in serum,brain and cells.Other studies have shown that miRNA polymorphisms and polymorphisms of genes related to miRNA synthesis are closely related to alcohol use disorder.This paper reviews the research progress of miRNA in alcohol use disorder in recent years,in order to clarify its mechanism in the occurrence and development of alcohol use disorder,and provide reference for exploring new therapeutic targets of alcohol use disorder.